Bibliographie Marmotte / Marmot Bibliography J

Bibliographia Marmotarum. Ramousse R., International Marmot Network, Lyon, 1997.
ISBN : 2-9509900-2-9
Copyright 1997. Édition Réseau International sur les marmottes/ International Marmot Network Publisher
Traduction anglais - français / English - French translation: R. Ramousse
Traduction russe - français / Russian - French translation: Y. Semenov

LETTRE J LETTER
Mise à jour 04/05/2007 updated

Si vous avez connaissance de références bibliographiques ou de résumés absents de cette liste,
ou si vous disposez de versions pdf, ayez l'amabilité de me les communiquer.
If you know bibliographic references and abstracts unlisted here,
or if pdf are available, please send them to me.

Jackson H.H.T. 1908. A preliminary list of Wisconsin mammals [Liste pr»liminaire des mammifÀres du Wisconsin]. Bul. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 6 (n. s.), pp. 13-34, illus.
MammifÀres, Mammalia, Mammals, Wisconsin, États-Unis d’Am»rique, USA.

Jackson H.H. T. 1961. Mammals of Wisconsin [Mammifères du Wisconsin]. Univ. Wisconsin Press, Madison, xii + 504 pp.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, woodchuck, marmotte commune ou américaine, Wisconsin, Etats-Unis d'Amérique, USA.
Population numbers of woodchucks may have been reduced locally in Wisconsin through shooting during a pest eradication effort. Population density is difficult to measure and is variable among marmots, ranging from 2 to 15 animals per km². Hunting, trapping, and domestic dogs (Canus familiaris) contribute to marmot mortality in areas populated by humans.

Jackson Robert K. 1997.Unusual Laboratory Rodent Species: Research Uses, Care, and Associated Biohazards [Rongeurs de laboratoire inhabituels: utilisation en recherche, soins, et risques biologiques associés]. In Unusual Mammalian Models, ILAR Journal online, V38(1), à / at http://dels.nas.edu/ilar_n/ilarjournal/38_1/38_1Unusual.shtml
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, woodchuck, marmotte ou américaine, États-unis d'Amérique, laboratoire.
pdf

Jackson R.S., Pagels J.F. & Trumbo D.N. 1976. The mammals of Presquile, Chesterfield County, Virginia. Virginia J. Sci., 27(2).:20-23.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, woodchuck, marmotte ou américaine, États-unis d'Amérique, Virginia, Tenessee.

Jacob J.R., Ascenzi M.A., Roneker C.A., Toshkov I.A., Cote P.J., Gerin J.L. & Tennant B. 1997. CHepatic expression of the woodchuck hepatitis virus X-antigen during acute and chronic infection and detection of a woodchuck hepatitis virus X-antigen antibody response. Hepatology, 26(6): 1607-15.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, hépatite, hepatitis.
The expression and localization of the woodchuck hepatitis virus X-antigen (WHxAg) was examined and compared with other markers of a woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection using rabbit antisera generated against recombinant WHxAg produced in bacteria. Cellular fractionation studies showed that WHxAg was localized to the soluble and cytoskeletal fractions of the cell when assayed by immunoprecipitation of [35S]-met-cys labeled extracts derived from primary cultures of acute WHV-infected hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical examination of liver from chronic WHV-infected animals showed WHV core antigen (WHcAg) and WHxAg expression in non-neoplastic tissue. The WHxAg was found localized to the cytoplasm of infected cells, similar to WHcAg. WHxAg expression was diminished in the foci of altered hepatocytes and in hepatocellular adenomas but was found in only 1 of 11 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Hepatic biopsies from woodchucks experimentally inoculated with WHV were examined during the acute phase of infection and during convalescence for WHcAg and WHxAg expression by immunohistochemistry. Concurrent expression of WHcAg and WHxAg was observed during the viremic phase of infection. The two antigens exhibited similar localization to the cell cytoplasm, similar distribution within the liver lobule, and similar patterns of clearance during convalescence. An immune response to WHxAg was documented in some woodchucks following acute WHV infection. These studies further define the woodchuck model of HBV infection and should allow for the investigation of the role of hepadnaviral X-antigen expression in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis and HCC.

Jacob J. & Grimmer G. 1968. [Structure of polyenic acids from the fat of the marmot]. Z. Naturforsch. B., 23(10): 1385-1387.
En allemand, in German.
Marmota, gras, fat,
No abstract available.

Jacob J.R., Korba B.E., Cote P.J., Toshkov I., Delaney W.E. 4th, Gerin J.L,. Tennant B.C. 2004. Suppression of lamivudine-resistant B-domain mutants by adefovir dipivoxil in the woodchuck hepatitis virus model. Antiviral Res, 63(2): 115-121.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, hépatite, hepatitis.
Adult woodchucks (Marmota monax) chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) were treated orally with lamivudine (15 mg/kg per day) for 57 weeks. After 20 weeks of treatment a 2-3 log reduction in serum WHV DNA was detected. Serum titers of WHV then increased gradually, in the presence of lamivudine treatment, reaching pre-treatment values by week 40. Viral recrudescence was associated with development of mutations in the B domain of the WHV polymerase gene. Mutations observed in the highly conserved FLLA motif of the B domain were L564V, L565M, and A566T, with A566T being the most frequently observed. Beginning on week 57 of lamivudine treatment, one group (n = 3) was treated orally with adefovir dipivoxil at a dose of 15 mg/kg per day plus lamivudine, and a second group (n = 3) was treated with H2O placebo plus lamivudine. In woodchucks treated with adefovir dipivoxil, two had the A566T mutation, and one had both A566T and L565V. In the group maintained on lamivudine monotherapy, A566T alone was present in one animal, another carried both A566T and L565V, and in the third, no B-domain mutations were detected. There was a 4.5 log reduction in serum WHV DNA after 12 weeks of treatment with the adefovir/lamivudine combination, while in the lamivudine monotherapy controls, WHV DNA decreased by only 0.83 log (P > 0.001). A slight recurrence in serum titers of WHV DNA was observed one week after withdrawal of adefovir treatment but no further increase in viral load was observed during the remainder of the 12-week post-treatment follow-up period. The results demonstrate that supplemental adefovir dipivoxil treatment is effective in suppressing replication of lamivudine-resistant B-domain mutants in the woodchuck model of hepatitis B virus infection.

Jacob J.R., Liu R.H., Roneker C.A., de Noronha F., Hotchkiss J.H. & Tennant B.C. 1994. Characterization and immortalization of woodchuck hepatocytes isolated from normal and hepadnavirus-infected woodchucks (Marmota monax) [Caractérisation et immortalisation des hépatocytes de marmotte commune d'Amérique isolés à partir de marmottes noramles et infectées par l'hépadnavirus]. Exp. Cell Res., 212(1): 42-8.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monx, hépatite, hepatitis.
Primary woodchuck (Marmota monax) hepatocytes from normal woodchucks and woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection were cultured in either a conventional serum-containing medium or a serum-free medium. The de novo synthesis of the plasma proteins albumin, transferrin, fibrinogen, and complement C3 were identical under both conditions. However, expression of the WHV and the synthesis of nitric oxide were diminished under serum-free conditions. Primary woodchuck hepatocytes cultured in conventional, serum-containing medium were immortalized utilizing the simian virus 40 T antigen oncogene. Immortalized hepatic cell lines retained differentiated functions of nitric oxide synthesis and expression of complement C3. The woodchuck hepatocyte culture model will supplement current experimental methods, allowing investigation of hepadnaviral pathogenesis, including hepatocarcinogenesis in vitro.

Jacob J.R. & Tennant B.C. 1996. Transformation of immortalized woodchuck hepatic cell lines with the c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene [Transformation de lignées de cellules hépatiques de la marmotte commune d’Amérique par le proto-oncogène c-Ha-ras]. Carcinogenesis, 17(4): 631-636.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monx, hépatite, hepatitis.
Woodchuck hepatocytes were immortalized with the simian virus 40 T antigen (SV40 T-ag) oncogene and utilized in an oncogenic transformation assay. Transfection of these cell lines with an activated C-Ha-ras oncogene (EJ6.6) resulted in the transformation of cells to a phenotype characterized by anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Colonies of transformed cells were subcloned and up to 80% were positive for oncoprotein expression detected by immunoblot and Northern blot procedures. When compared with the parental cell lines, ras-transformed derivatives were altered both morphologically and in growth rate. The tumorigenic potential of c-Ha-ras transformed cells was demonstrated in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. There was a latency period of 1 to 4 weeks before tumors were detectable and a period of 7 weeks was required for tumors to reach a diameter of 1 cm. Histologically, tumors derived from cell lines fully transformed by the SV40 T-ag had the appearance of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) while tumors derived from c-Ha-ras transformed cell lines had the appearance of poorly differentiated HCC. The capacity to induce oncogenic transformation events in immortalized woodchuck hepatic cell lines should provide the opportunity to study the cooperative effects of hepadnaviral genes in hepatocarcinogenesis in vitro.

Jacob J.R., Sterczer A., Toshkov I.A., Yeager A.E., Korba B.E., Cote P.J., Buendia M.A., Gerin J.L. & Tennant B.C. 2004. Integration of woodchuck hepatitis and N-myc rearrangement determine size and histologic grade of hepatic tumors. Hepatology, 39(4): 1008-1016.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, hépatite, hepatitis, cancer.
Integrations of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA and rearrangements of the N-myc 2 gene have been detected frequently in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of Eastern woodchucks (Marmota monax) chronically infected with WHV. Fifty-five hepatocellular neoplasms and matched nontumor hepatic tissue specimens obtained postmortem from 13 chronic WHV carriers were analyzed and the frequency of WHV DNA integrations and of N-myc rearrangements compared in tumors of different size and histologic grade. Four small tumor nodules were classified histologically as adenomas and integrated sequences of WHV DNA were detected in two of the four tumor nodules. In one of the two nodules, there was evidence of N-myc rearrangement. Fifty-one neoplasms were classified as HCC. Seven were grade 1 HCCs. WHV DNA integrations were demonstrated in 43% but none had N-myc rearrangements. Twenty grade 2 HCCs had WHV DNA integrations in 80% and in 38% N-myc rearrangements were present. Twenty-four grade 3 HCCs had integrations of WHV DNA in 79% and N-myc rearrangements in 74%. In two other grade 3 HCCs, rearrangements of N-myc were detected in the absence of WHV DNA integrations. The 12 largest tumors in the series all were grade 2 or 3 HCCs, and in 83%, both WHV DNA integrations and N-myc rearrangements were demonstrated. In conclusion, molecular changes observed in this study suggest a progression of genetic alterations providing either a significant proliferative stimulation and/or a growth advantage in hepatocarcinogenesis of woodchucks with chronic WHV infection.

Jacobs J. 1974. Quantitative measurements of food selection [Mesures quantitatives de la sélection alimentaire]. Oecologia, 14: 413-417.
En anglais, in English.
Methodologie, methodology.

Jacobson H.A., Scanlon P.F., Nettles V.F. & W.R. Davidson 1976. Epizootology of an outbreak of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in cottontail rabbits and woodchuck [Epizootologie d’une épidémie de nématodiase cérébrospinal chez le lapin américain et la marmotte commune d’Amérique]. J. Wildlife Diseases, 12(3): 357-360.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, épidémiologie, epidemiology, parasitologie, parasitology.

Jacquard A.C., Nassal M., Pichoud C., Ren S., Schultz U., Guerret S., Chevallier M., Werle B., Peyrol S., Jamard C., Rimsky L.T., Trepo C. & Zoulim F. 2004. Effect of a combination of clevudine and emtricitabine with adenovirus-mediated delivery of gamma interferon in the woodchuck model of hepatitis B virus infection. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (Antimicrob Agents Chemother.), 48(7): 2683-2692.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, marmotte commune d’Amérique, woodchuck, hépatite, hepatitis.
Our aim was to evaluate the antiviral effect of a combination of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, emtricitabine (FTC) and clevudine (L-FMAU), with the addition of an adenovirus-driven delivery of recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in the woodchuck model of hepatitis B virus infection. Six woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)-infected woodchucks received L-FMAU (10 mg/kg) plus FTC (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 8 weeks; six other animals received in addition an intravenous injection of a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing woodchuck IFN-gamma (Ad-IFN) at weeks 4 and 8. In the control group, two animals received Ad-IFN alone, two received adenovirus vector expressing the green fluorescent protein reporter gene, and one remained untreated. In less than 2 weeks, all woodchucks that received L-FMAU plus FTC showed a rapid and marked inhibition of viral replication, with a 4-log(10) drop in serum WHV DNA. In two animals, viremia remained suppressed for several months after the end of treatment. Similarly, a dramatic decrease in intrahepatic replicative intermediates of viral DNA was observed in the L-FMAU/FTC-treated groups. The additional administration of Ad-IFN led to increased inflammation in the liver but did not enhance the antiviral effect of the L-FMAU/FTC combination. In conclusion, therapies combining L-FMAU and FTC in WHV-infected woodchucks resulted in a potent and sustained antihepadnaviral effect both in the liver and in the blood circulation. However, no extra benefit of adding IFN-gamma gene transduction to the L-FMAU/FTC combination could be detected.

Jacquemont 1844. Voyage dans l'Inde, 4 (Zool.): 66.
En français, in French.
Arctomys caudata, Marmota caudata.

Jaeger J.J. 1996. Les mondes fossiles. Editions O. Jacob, coll. Sciences, 269 p.
En français, in French.
Paléontologie, paleontology.

Jamba G., Galbadrakh D., Saran M.et al. 1977. K strategii i taktike izoutcheniya prirodnogo otchaga tchoumy v MNR [Sur la stratégie et la tactique d'études des foyers naturels de la peste en RPM. On the strategy and tactic of studies of natural plague foci in PRM]. V kn. Epidemiologiya i profilaktika osobo opasnykh infektsiï v MNR i SSSR, Oulan-Bator.
En russe, in Russian.
Épidémiologie, epidemiology, peste, plague, Mongolie, Mongolia.

James L., Jeannel R. & Regnault F. 1908. Nouvelles peintures paléolithiques dans la grotte du Portel. Société d’Histoire naturelle de Toulouse, 18 mars.
En français, in French.
Archéologie, archeology.

Jameson E.W. Jr. & Peeters H.J. 1988. California mammals [MammifÀres de Californie]. Univ. California Pr., Berkeley. 403 pp.
En anglais, in English.
MammifÀres, Mammalia, Mammals, Californie, California, États-Unis d’Am»rique, USA.

Jamieson S.H. & Armitage K.B. 1987. Sex differences in the play behavior of yearling yellow-bellied marmots [Différences sexuelles du comportement de jeu des marmottes à ventre jaune d'un an]. Ethology, 74 (3) : 237-253.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota flaviventris, éthologie, ethology, jeu, play, sexe, sex, EUA, USA, Colorado.

Étude sur le terrain, sans manipulations, à Upper East River (Colorado). Les canevas comportementaux constituant le jeu furent décrits et illustrés. Douze hypothèses liées à des différences de sexe furent testées. Les résultats de ces tests furent utilisés pour évaluer la signification adaptative du jeux en comparant deux hypothèses fonctionnelles majeures : apprentissage moteur et la cohésion sociale.
Play in yearling Yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) was studied under non-manipulative field conditions in the Upper East River Valley of Colorado.The behavior patterns constituting play were described and illustrated and 12 specific hypotheses related to sex differences were tested. The results of these test were used to evaluate the adaptive significance of play by comparing two major functional hypothese: motor training and social cohesion.

Jamin Achille 1880. Grotte des Près-Rouï [The Près-Rouï cave]. Bulletins de la société d’Anthropologie de Paris, 3 : 699-700.
En français, in French.
Paléontologie, paleontology, Gartempe, Gartempe River, Vienne, France.
pdf

Jamnicky J. 1977. Pôvodnost' svist'a vrchovského (Marmota marmota L.) v Nizkych Tatrach [La marmotte indigène des basses montagnes des Tatras. The indegnous marmot (Marmota marmota L.) in the Low Tatra mountains. Folia Venatoria (Polovnicky zbornik, Myslivecky sbornik), 7: 298-302.
En Tchèque, In Czech.
Marmota marmota, réintroduction, re-introduction, Slovaquie, Slovakia, Tatra.

The author presents some less known information concerning the introduction of the marmot (Marmota marmota L.) in the low Tatra mountains in the second half of the last century and draws attention to reports affirming that the occurence of the marmot in the Low tatra moutains (western part, Mount Bumbier and Mount Prasiva) is autochtonous i.e. that the marmot occured there already before 1859, when it was first introduced in the eastern part of the Low Tatra mountains (Mount Orlova, Mout Kralova hola).

Janeau G. & Mann C.S. 1990. Organisation sociale et occupation de l'espace chez la marmotte des Alpes (Marmota marmota L.) [Social organization and space occupation in the alpine marmot (M. marmota)]. Ente Parco Nazionale Gran Paradiso Servizio Sanitario, Torino, Incontro di Studio su La Marmotta Alpina, Noasca Gran Paradiso, 31 luglio-1 agosto 1989. Collana Scientifica Parco Nazionale Gran Paradiso n° 177, 25-34.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, éthologie, ethology, social, France.

Janeau G. & Mann C.S. 1992. Organisation soicale et occupation de l'espace chez la marmotte des Alpes (Marmota marmota) [Social organization and space occupation in the alpine marmot (M. marmota)]. Atti II° Incontro di studio sulla Marmotta Alpina, Collana scientifica PNGP, Torino.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, éthologie, ethology, territoire, territory, social.

Janiga M., Marencak M., Soltesova A., Soltes R. & Kyselova Z. 1993. A study on the preservation of the Tatras region and the plans to hold 2002 Winter Olympics in northern Slovakia [Etude sur la protection de la région des Tatras et les plans pour tenir les jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2002 en Slovaquie du nord]. Oecol. Mont., 2: 31-45.
En anglais, in English.
Conservation, Slovaquie.

This study reviews the effects of winter Olympic Games (of 2002) on the environment of northern Slovakia. We show that the Olympics will have an adversal effect on the most valuable ecosystems of our country. This study mainly includes the National Parks of the Low and High Tatras, and provides evidence of the damaging effects of the Ga mes on the biodiversity of the region.

Janin A. 1996. Le statut juridique de la marmotte en France. Legal status of Alpine marmot in France. In 3ème Journée d'Etude sur la marmotte alpine, Ramousse R. & M. Le Berre eds., Réseau International sur la Marmotte, Lyon, 57-58.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, législation, legislation, conservation, France.

Le statut juridique actuel de la marmotte alpine est précisé pour la France. C'est un gibier dont la chasse est autorisée dans des conditions précises et qui bénéficie de mesures de protection.
The present legal status of Alpine marmot in France is specified. Alpine marmot is a hunting game under precise conditions. Protection rules and re-introduction rules are specified.

Janossy D. 1961. Die Entwicklung der Kleinsäugerfauna Europas in Pleistozan (Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha) [L'évolution des petits mammifères d'Europe au Pléistocène. Evolution of the small mammals of Europe in Pleistocene]. Z. f. Säugetierkunde, 26 : 40-50.
En allemand, in German.
Paléontologie, paleontology, Pléistocène, Pleistocene, Europe, Europa.

Janossy D. 1962. Vorläufige Mitteilung über die mittelpleistozäne vertebratenfauna der Tarkö - Felsnische (N.O. Ungarn, Bükk-Gebirge) [Communication préliminaire sur la faune des vertébrés du Pléistocène moyen de Tarkö-Felsnische. Preliminary communication on the vertebrate fauna in the middle Pleistocene in Tarkö-Felsnische]. Ann. Hist. nat. Mus. Nat. Hung., 54 : 155-176. p. 158.
En allemand, in German.
Marmota sp., Marmota marmota primigenia, paléontologie, paleontology, Hongrie, Hungary.

Janossy D. 1965. Vertebrate microstratigraphy of the middle Pleistocene in Hungary [Microstratigraphie des vertébrés du Pléistocène moyen en Hongrie]. Acta Geol. Hung., 9 : 145-152.
En anglais, in English.
Rodentia, paléontologie, paleontology, Pléistocène, Hongrie, Hungary.

Janossy D. 1969. Stratigraphische Auswertung der europaïschen mittelpleistozänen Wirbeltierfauna [Exploitation stratigraphique de la faune des vertébrés d'Europe du Pléistocène moyen. Stratigraphic exploitation of the European vertebrate fauna of the middle Pleistocene]. Bericht. Deutsch. Geol. Gesl. A, 14 (4) : 367-438 et 14 (5) : 573-643.
En allemand, in German.
Rodentia, paléontologie, paleontology, Pléistocène, Pleistocene, Hongrie, Hungary

Janossy D. 1970. The boundary of lower Middle Pleistocene on the basis of microvertebrates in Hungary [La limite du bas Pléistocène moyen sur la base des microvertébrés de Hongrie]. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 8 (2-3) : 147-152.
En anglais, in English.
Rodentia, paléontologie, paleontology, Pléistocène, Pleistocene, Hongrie, Hungary.

Janout V. & Weiss L. 1972. Deep splenic lymphatics in the marmot : an electron microscopic study [Les lymphatiques profondes chez la marmotte : étude en microscopie électronique. Anat. Rec., 172 : 197-219.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota, histologie, histology, sang, blood.

. Janovsky M. & Malleczek D. 1997. Abnormes Wachstum der Schneidezähne bei einem Alpenmurmeltier (Marmota marmota). [Croissance anormale des incisives chez une marmotte alpine. Abnormal growth of the maxillar incisor teeth of an alpine marmot (Marmota marmota)]. Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaften, 43(1): 1-72.
En allemand, in German.
Marmota marmota, dent, teeth.

Wir beschreiben die abnorme Entwicklung der Oberkieferschneidezähne eines Murmeltieres, die zu einem 1,5 fachen Kreis wuchsen und den harten Gaumen (Abb. 1-4) durchstiessen. Mögliche Ursachen werden erörtert.
We describe the abnormal growth of the maxillar incisor teeth of an alpine marmot (Marmota marmota). They grew to a 1.5 loop and penetrated the bony palate (Fig. 1-4). Possible causes are discussed.
Description du développement anormal des incisives d'une marmotte alpine dont la croissance décrit un cercle d'un tour et demi, pénétrant dans la voûte palatine. Discussion des causes probables du phénomène.

Jantchiv TS. & Batsuuri J. 1977. Popoulyatsiïn genetikiïn oundes. OuB, 160 p.
En russe, in Russian.
Population, génétique, genetics.

Janz D.W. 1982. Management of an endangered species: the Vancouver Island marmot [Gestion d'une espèce en danger : la marmotte de l'île de Vancouver]. In Association of Zoological and Parks and Aquariums Regional Conference Proceedings, 310-318. (Penticton, BC).
En anglais, in English.
Marmota vancouverensis, conservation, Canada.

The Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) Swarth 1911, one of only two species found entirely within Canada, is endemic to Vancouver Island, British Columbia. It was officially designated as an endangered species in March 1980. This recent status resulted from increased public interest and recognition that this species inhabits a very localized ecological niche; steep, south-facing talus and meadow slopes within the subalpine and alpine biogeoclimatic zones along the Vancouver Island insular mountain range. The Vancouver Island marmot is ecologically similar to other alpine marmots (M. caligata, M. olympus, M. browerii) as reflected by general behaviour, ectoparasites (Heard 1977) and karyotype (Rausch and Rausch 1971). It differs in skull characteristics (Howell 1915) and the dark chocolate brown coloration of the new pelage. The contrasting white coloration of the muzzle, forehead and breast is also distinctive. Colonization of Vancouver Island by marmots is speculated to have occurred during the Illinoian glacial period (100,000 B.P.), with subsequent ecological divergence from the ancestral M. caligata stock (Heard 1977). The restricted habitat, relatively low numbers, and general biology of this species provide challenging opportunities for management and conservation measures.

Janz D., Blumensaat C., Dawe N.K., Harper B., Leigh-Spencer S., Munro W. & Nagorsen D. 1994. National Recovery Plan for the Vancouver Island Marmot [Plan national de rétablissement de la marmotte de l'île de Vancouver]. Report No. 10, Ottawa: Recovery of Nationally Endangered Wildlife Committee, 32pp.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota vancouverensis, conservation, British Columbia, Canada.

The Vancouver Island marmot Marmota vancouverensis is the only endemic mammal species in Canada that has been listed as “endangered” either by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) or by any provincial or territorial government. Surveys suggest one metapopulation of 200-300 individuals concentrated in the Nanaimo-Cowichan Lake region. Data on historical distribution and abundance are limited, but marmots have apparently disappeared from some parts of Vancouver Island. Causes are unknown. In 1988 a Recovery Team was established to prepare an action plan that, when implemented, would result in populations of sufficient size and distribution to remove the Vancouver Island marmot from the endangered list. Population objectives are based on the need to prevent inbreeding, maintain long-term genetic variability, and reduce the vulnerability of marmot colonies to extinction through random environmental events. Additional inventory and research activities are essential, but translocation is the most important tool through which recovery objectives can be achieved. The team recommends a population objective of 400 to 600 marmots dispersed in three meta-populations on Vancouver Island. Research, public education and funding requirements are integral components of the recovery plan.

Janz D., A.A. Bryant, N.K. Dawe, H. Schwantje, B. Harper, D.Nagorsen, D. Doyle, M. deLaronde, D. Fraser, D. Lindsay, S. Leigh-Spencer, R. McLaughlin & R. Simmons 2000. Plan national de rétablissement de la marmotte de l'île Vancouver (Marmota vancouverensis) 2000. Rapport Rescapé, no. 19,"Rétablissement des espèces canadiennes en péril", 39 p., Service canadien de la faune, Environnement Canada, Ottawa. ;vancouverensis.
Marmota vancouverensis, conservation, British Columbia, Canada.
Le document est disponible en format pdf avec l'accord gracieux d'Environment Canada.The complete document is available in pdf format with courtesy of Environment Canada. pdf

Janz D., A.A. Bryant, N.K. Dawe, H. Schwantje, B. Harper, D.Nagorsen, D. Doyle, M. deLaronde, D. Fraser, D. Lindsay, S.Leigh-Spencer, R. McLaughlin and R. Simmons 2000. Revised Recovery Plan for the Vancouver Island Marmot (2000). Recovery of Nationally Endangered Wildlife Committee, Ottawa.
En anglais, in English.
Le document est disponible en format pdf avec l'accord gracieux d'Environment Canada.The complete document is available in pdf format with courtesy of Environment Canada.pdf
The purpose of this document is to reassess the goals, objectives and tasks of the initial National Recovery Plan for the Vancouver Island Marmot (Janz et al. 1994), and provide an overview of changes needed to achieve down-listing of Marmota vancouverensis from endangered status.
The original recovery goal of 400-600 marmots dispersed in three metapopulations on Vancouver Island has not changed and remains justifiable on geographic, habitat, genetic and demographic grounds.
New data have clarified past and present marmot distribution and abundance. Inventory techniques are now properly developed and the population status of this animal is well known compared to most other species at risk in British Columbia.
Within the “core” metapopulation south of Alberni Inlet, populations have declined by approximately 60% in the last decade. Marmots disappeared from the western Strathcona metapopulation within the last several decades, and the Forbidden Plateau metapopulation is now represented only by small colonies on Mount
Washington. The entire population of the species was estimated at fewer than 100 individuals in 1998, of which >50% live in recently logged habitats. The spatial structure of colonies has changed in response to logging of high elevation (>700 m) forests. Additional colonies will probably continue to be formed and found, but it is unlikely that significant populations remain undiscovered.
It is difficult to determine why marmots disappeared from areas north of Alberni Inlet because so few historical (1900 to present) population data exist. Contributing factors may include weather, predators, changing patterns of climate, predation, disease, hunting by humans, and reduced landscape connectivity. Empirical evidence for any of these processes is weak. Apart from concluding that post-glacial forest succession has generally reduced the amount of potential marmot habitat, we know only that disappearances occurred relatively recently.
South of Alberni Inlet, forestry has produced dramatic effects on populations. Survival of marmots is lower in clearcuts and logging has apparently inhibited dispersal movements by providing “easy” alternative places in which to settle. The most important result of forestry was to concentrate the population, thereby increasing the risk of mortality from other factors.
Wolves, cougars and golden eagles prey upon marmots. Radio-telemetry indicates that predation has played an important role at some colonies. The significance of parasites and infectious disease remains unclear although mortality has been associated with some parasitic and bacterial infections. Survival data are consistent with a hypothesis of localized mortality factors such as disease or hunting patterns by individual predators. Mark-recapture work suggests that most mortality occurs during winter hibernation, particularly in clearcuts. Weather plays a role but explains only a small amount of the variation in survival rates. There is no evidence to suggest that reproductive rates have declined. Survival rates have declined and the frequency of high-mortality episodes has increased.
Most research objectives contained in the 1994 Recovery Plan have been met although population objectives have not. Population distribution, trends, and ecology are now reasonably well understood. Health issues constitute the most important unanswered research questions. Progress has been made towards characterizing potential reintroduction habitats although more work is required. With a handful of exceptions, additional habitat protection or habitat manipulation is not required. Experience on Vancouver Island and elsewhere supports the belief that reintroduction presents a realistic management tool. Substantial progress has been made towards increased public awareness, funding and political support.
Changes to the 1994 recovery plan Much of the initial plan was focused on activities designed to determine population trends and answer basic ecological questions. Many relevant questions are now answered. The challenge now is to get on with the job of implementing the Plan, and raising the necessary financial support to do so. The updated recovery plan is based on four premises.

1.It is doubtful that significant new populations will be found north of Alberni Inlet although that possibility exists.
2.South of Alberni Inlet, it appears unlikely that marmot populations will suddenly rebound of their own accord.
3.Another population expansion in the Nanaimo Lakes metapopulation such as occurred during the early 1980s would probably not result in increased geographic distribution (although it would give the Recovery Team additional options).
4.Captive-breeding combined with reintroductions presents the best hope of increasing populations within a reasonable period of time.

At least seven of the world’s 14 marmot species (M. bobac, M. baibacina, M. menzbieri, M. marmota, M. monax, M. flaviventris, M. broweri) have been successfully reared in captivity. Reintroductions using both captive-reared and wild-captured marmots have been successful although some individual releases failed.
Experience from western Europe suggests that repeated reintroductions based on annual releases of ~20 individuals will work. The mathematics of marmot reproductive biology indicate that this will require maintenance of 40-80 marmots in captivity for a period of 5-15 years.
Recovery: the next 5 years
The next five years will require that the Team invest heavily in several broad areas.

A. Population restoration Captive breeding
Reintroductions
Planning
B. Monitoring and research Monitoring
Research
C. Habitat protection and manipulation
Protection
D. Fund raising and communications
Fund raising
Communications
E. Management issues
Project management

Just as the future of M. vancouverensis is precarious by virtue of small numbers and confined distribution, eventual success of recovery efforts will be limited by money and personnel. Recovery is probably ecologically feasible but will require substantial financial, political and scientific investments together with a revised organizational structure.
Le document est disponible en format pdf avec l'accord gracieux de Environment Canada.The complete document is available on-line (*.pdf format) courtesy of Environment Canada. English version (version anglaise), French version (version française).

Jarov V.K. 1955. Rasporostranenie sourka v Kemerovskoï oblasti. Zap. po fauny, flore Sibiri, 18, Tomsk.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota.

Jarov V.K. 1970. Materialy po tchslennosti i ekologii tchernoshapotchnogo sourka v golitsovom poyase Bargouzinskogo khrebta. Tr. Bargouzin. gos. zapovedinka, 6.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota camtschatica.

Jarov V.K. 1972. Semya i territorialinaya struktura poseleniya tchernoshapotchnikh surkov na Barguzibskom khrebte [Structures familiales et territoriales de colonies de M. camtschatica de la chaîne des monts Bargouzin. Family and territorial structures of M. camtschatica colonies in Barguzin Mounts]. Zool. Zh., 51 (9) : 1387-1394.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota o, éthologie, ethology, écologie, ecology, Russie, Russia.

Jarov V.K. 1972. Snezhnyï pokrov golitsovogo poyasa Barguzinskogo zapovednika i ego vliyabie na popoulyatsiiu tchernoshapotchnykh sourkov [Structures territoriale et familiale des installations de M. camtschatica de la chaîne de Barguzinski. Family and territorial structures of M. camtschatica settlements in Barguzin Mounts Zapiski Zabaïkaliskogo filiala Geogr. ob-va SSSR, 65, Problemy zapovedeniya, 4 Tchita.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota camtschatica, éthologie, ethology, écologie, ecology, Russie, Russia.

Jarrell G.H., MacDonald S.O. & Cook J.A. Checklist to the Mammals of Alaska. University of Alaska Museum.
En anglais, in English.
Marmotte de l'Alaska, Marmota broweri Hall & Gilmore, 1934, Alaska marmot, Marmotte givrée, Marmota caligata (Eschscholtz, 1829), hoary marmot, Marmotte commune d'Amérique, Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758), woodchuck.

Jaubert 1876. Sur les traces de l’homme dans les grottes des diverses parties de la Provence [On the traces of man in the caves of different parts of Provence]. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des Sciences, 83 : 244-247.
En français, in French.
pdf
Paléontologie, paleontology, grotte de Gonfaron, grotte de Rians, grotte de Château-Double, grotte de Gémenos, Moustier, Gréoulx, âge du Bronze, Bronze age, loup, cerf, sanglier, rongeurs, avocette, silex, flints, homme, man, Provence, France.

Jayet 1943. p. 3. In Chaline 1972.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota primigenia, Marmota marmota, paléontologie, paleontology.

Jean O. 1981. La marmotte (Marmota marmota L.,1758) dans les Pyrénées. Implantation- Développement - Répartition [The marmot (M. marmota) in the Pyrenees. Settlement- Devlopment - Distribution]. Thèse E.N.V. Toulouse, 101p.

En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, réintroduction, re-introduction, France, Pyrénées, Pyrenees.

Jeannel René 1908. Sur la découverte, dans la grotte du Portel, de peintures paléolithiques représentant l’Homme et des Animaux [About the discovery, in the Portel Cave, of paleolithic paintings of Man and animals]. Comptes rendus hebdomadairse des séances de l’Académie des Sciences, 146 : 654-656.
En français, in French.
pdf.
Archéologie, archeology, grotte de Portel ou de Crampagna,peintures, paintings, bison, buffalo, cheval, horse, renne, reindeer, 520 m altitude, Loubens, Ariège, France.

Jeannet M. 1978. Recherches sur les Rongeurs quaternaires en 1978 [Researches on the Quaternary rodents]. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Lyon, 16, suppl., 71-74.
En français, in French.
Paléontologie, paleontology, Rodentia.

Jeannet M. 1980. Les rongeurs de quelques sites holocènes (Vallon-Pont-D'Arc et Foissac) wurmiens (Gréolières, Casteljau et Bendorf) et rissien (Azé) [Rodents of some Holocene (Vallon-Pont-d'Arc et Foissac), of wurm (Gréolières, Casteljau et Bendorf) and of Riss sites (Azé)]. Nouv. Arch. Hist. nat. Lyon, 18 : 29-34.
Marmota marmota, paléontologie, paleontology, France, Ardèche.

Jeannet M. & Cartonnet M. 2000. La microfaune de la Chênelaz (Hostias, Ain). L'environnement et son influence sur la biométrie dentaire chez Arvicola terrestris (Rodentia, Mammalia) ) [The micorfauna of La Chênelaz (Hostias, Ain). Environment and its influence on dental biometry of Arvicola terrestris]. Revue de Paléobiologie, 19 (2): 475-492.
En français, in French.
Paléontologie , paleontology, dent, tooth, Ain, France.

Jefferson George T. 1982. Late Pleistocene vertebrates from a Mormon Mountain cave in southern Nevada [Vertébrés de la fin du Pléistocène dans la grotte de Mormon Mountain dans le sud du Névada]. Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., 81: 121-127.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota flaviventris, paléontologie, paleontology, Amérique du Nord, North America, Nevada.

Jehl Dom 1891. Faune d'un dépôt d'ossements quaternaires des environs de Pouillenay (Côte-d'Or)) [Fauna of a quaternary bone deposit in Pouillenay (Côte-d’Or)]. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences, 112 : 1387- 1389.
En français, in French.
pdf
Plecautus auritus, Talpa europoea, Crossopus fodiens, Sorex tetragonurus, Sorex pygmoeus, Canis lupus, Canis vulpes, Spermophilus citillus, Myoxus Nitela, Cricetus frumentarius, Mus sylvaticus, Arvicola glareolus, Arvicola nivalis, Arvicola amphibius, Arvicola ratticeps, Arvicola agrestis, Arvicola campestris, Arvicola arvalis, Arvicola subterraneus, Lepus cuniculus, Cervus elaphus, Bison priscus, Equus caballus, Helix nitens.

Jeleznov N.K. 1993. Voir/Look at Zheleznov N.K.

Jellison W. 1945. Siphonaptera: the genus Oropsylla in North America [Siphonaptera: le genre Oropsylla en Amérique du Nord]. J. Parasitol., 31(2): ?-?.
En anglais, in English.
Insectes, Insects, parasitologie, parasitology, ectoparasite, faunistique, fauna, Amérique du Nord, North America.

Jellison W.L. 1959. Fleas and Disease [Puces et maladie]. Annual Review of Entomology, 4: 389-414.
En anglais, in English.
Puces, fleas, Marmota.

Jellison W.L. 1974. Tularemia in North America [La Tularémie en Amérique du Nord]. J. Parasitol., 31 : 83-97.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota marmota, parasitologie, parasitology, Amérique du Nord, North America.

Jenkins Kurt, Woodward Andrea & Schreiner ED 2002. A framework for long-term ecological monitoring in olympic National Park: prototype for the coniferous forest biome [Un canevas pour un suivi écologique à long-terme dans le parc national Olympic : prototype d'un biome de forêt de conifères]. USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Olympic field station, in cooperation with Olympic National Park, 1-75.
En anglais, in English.
Écologie, ecology, méthodologie, methodology, Marmota olympic, parc national, National Park, Washington, EUA, USA.
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Jenness D. 1937. The Sekani Indians of British Columbia [Les indiens Sekani de Colombie Britannique]. National Museum of Canada, Bulletin 84, Anthropology Series n°20, 80pp.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota caligata, etnobiologie, ethnobiology, Canada.

Among the Sekani peoples the haoary marmot was killed with "sticks, after smoking them out of their holes or flooding them by diverting a stream; and if the groud hogs retreated into crannies among the rocks they twisted long sticks in their fur and pulled them out into the open".

Jeong D.H., Jeong W.I., Chung J.Y., An M.Y., Jung C.Y., Lee G.J., Kang J.S., Kang B.C., Jee Y.H., Williams B.H., Kwon Y.O. & Jeong K.S. 2003. Hepatic cirrhosis occurring in a young woodchuck (Marmota monax) due to vertical transmission of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). J. Vet. Sci., 4(2): 199-201. En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, hépatite, hepatitis, cirrhose, cirrhosis.
Histologic and clinicopathologic findings of a woodchuck (Marmota monax) vertically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) are presented. The liver exhibits marked cirrhotic changes, which is characteristic of the pre-transformation phase of WHV. At necropsy, the woodchuck exhibited ascites and the liver had a grossly nodular appearance. Microscopically, focal hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cells were observed in midzonal and periportal areas in the liver. In Macchiavellos stained sections, cytoplasmic inclusion bodies appeared reddish granular materials. We believe that this may represent a new suitable and cost-effective cirrhotic model for the disease processes associated with hepadnaviruses in a number of other species, most notably Hepatitis B virus infection in man.

Jest C. 1975. Conception du monde animal chez les Tibétains [Conception of the animal kingdom of Thibetans]. In L'homme et l'animal, Paris, Institut international d'Ethnosciences, 23-29.
En français, in French.
Ethnobiologie, ethnobiology, Thibet, Tibet.

Jettmar H.M. 1924. [Bilan des expériences sur la peste des poux de marmottes. Summary of plague experiments on the lice of tarabagans]. Manch. Plag. Prev. Serv. Rep. (1923-1924):
En russe, in Russian.
Peste, plague, Marmota, poux, lice.

Jettmar H.M. 1926. Die Bauten einiger Transbaikalischer Säugerthiere in schematischer Darstellung [Les terriers d'un mammifère transbaïkalien en représentation schématique. Schematic representation of burrows of a transbaikalian mammal]. Z. für Säugerthierkunde, 1(1): 14.
Marmota bobac sibirica, terrier, burrow.

Series of schematic drawings, representing the burrows of the steppe rodents. According to his measurements, the hillock above a long inhabited and comparatively burrow of Marmota bobac sibirica, was 18,9 meters long, 14.7 meters wide and about 1 meter high.

Jettmar H.M. & Anschau M. 1951. Beobachtungen an Parasiten steirischer Murmeltiere (Arctomys marmota). Zschr. Tropenmed. Parasitol., 11 : 412-428.
En allemand, in German.
Marmota marmota, parasitologie, parasitology, Helminthes, Helminths

Jiang Wei, Shi Jiang-yong, Wang Xin-hui, Li Dong-hui, Abulimti, Pulat, Lei Gang, An Wen-yan, Buremind, Muhyat, Aizez & Yu Xin 2005. First discovery of new plague natural foci in Alataw Mountain, Xinjiang. Otkrytie novogo prirodnogo otchaga tchoumy v gorakh Alataou, Sin’tszyan. [Première découverte d’un nouveau site naturel de peste dans le mont Alataou, Xinjiang]. Abstracts of fifth International Conference on genus Marmota, 56-57.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota baibacina, marmotte grise, gray marmot, Lepus capensis, lièvre du Cap, Cap hare, Citellus undulates, Souslik de Parry, long-tailed suslik, Citellus erythrogenys, Spermophile, Sicista tianschanica, Birch mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, souris des bois, field mouse, Cricetulus migratorius, hamster migrateur, grey hamster, Microtus arvalis, campagnol commun, common vole, Alticola argentatus, silver mountain vole, Allactaga sibirica, gerboise de Sibérie, Siberian jerboa, Oropsylla silantiewi, Frontopsylla elatoides, Xingjiang, Chine, China.
Objective of our investigation was to confirm whether the Alataw mountain is plague natural foci or not, and the relate fauna of the animals and insects. The investigation of Epidemiology, Medical zoology and entomology, serology and bacteriology,ect. were carried out. A investigation of plague natural foci was carried out, situated 79∞53'-81∞20'E and 44∞55'-45∞10'N, on one side mountain of China-Alataw mountain which associated with a research team by Xinjiang disease prevention control center and sanitary and anti-epidemic station of Wenquan County in June to August 2003. The investigation is main according to Alataw mountain District, which discovers big area of died Marmota baibacina since 1999, and one positive serum of plague F1 antibody was discovered in dog by sanitary and anti-epidemic station of Wenquan Countyat Kundelun ranch in 2002. The animals of Ten species were captured in the investigated area, including Lepus capensis, Marmota baibacina, Citellus undulates, Citellus erythrogenys, Sicista tianschanica, Apodemus sylvaticus, Cricetulus migratorius, Microtus arvalis, Alticola argentatus and Allactaga sibirica. The Predommated rodents is Marmota baibacina having at an altitude of 2000- 3000 meters in the area, the second is Citellus undulates which is same habitat with Marmota baibacina, there are Citellus erythrogenys at some area of situated 1600-1900 meters. The population density of the marmot was 2.5-5.5/hm2 by fixed observation. The best density was 2.36/hm2 and the lowest was 0.01/hm2 by a route method. The infecting flea of the marmot is 3.6% in the neck of hole and is 6.2% on the body of the marmot. The 18 species of the fleas, 2 of the ticks and 1 of the louse were collected on the body of the rodents. Oropsylla silantiewi and Frontopsylla elatoides were the main carriers on marmot. 180 serum specimens from various rodents and 114 from dogs were examined by hemagglutination test for antibody to Y. pestis, the antibody to F 1 antigen was detected in the sera of two marmots and one dog. Four strains of Y. pestis were isolated from 25 animals of the naturaliy dead; four strains were all from marmot. The investigation supplied the evidence for the first time that natural plague foci existed in the surveyed areas.
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Jie B.G., Yang X.D. & G.Z. Li 1979. Three new subspecies of Amphipsylla from Yunnan, China (Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae) [Trois nouvelles sous-espèces d'Amphipsylla du Yunnan, Chine (Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae)]. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 4(1): 55-62.
En chinois, in Chinese.
Marmota, parasitologie, parasitology, Chine, China

Jin Changzhu, Xu Qinqi & Li Chuntian 1984. The mammalian faunas from the Qingshantou Site, Mongolian Autonomous County, Jilin Province, and their geological age [Les faunes de mammifères du site de Qingshantou, comté de Mongolie autonome de Qian Gorlos, provinde de Jilin, et leur âge géologique]. Gu Jizhui Dongwu yu Gu Renlei = Vertebr. PalAsiatica, 22 b.
En chinois, in Chinese.
Marmota, paléontologie, paleontology, Mongolie, Mongolia.

Jin Y.M., Churchill N.D. & Michalak T.I. 1996. Protease-activated lymphoid cell and hepatocyte recognition site in the preS1 domain of the large woodchuck hepatitis virus envelope protein. J. Gen. Virol., 77 ( Pt 8): 1837-1846.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, hépatite, hepatis.

A site capable of strictly host- and cell type-specific recognition was identified in the preS1 domain of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) through the use of antipeptide antisera generated against the extreme N-terminal fragment of the large virus envelope protein. The crucial determinant of this binding site was mapped to amino acids 10-13. Although a synthetic analogue of the site was highly immunogenic, natural WHV envelope did not display the site activity unless it was modified by proteolysis or acidic pH treatment, indicating an internal location of the determinant in viral envelope. Synthetic peptides encompassing the sequence of this site bound woodchuck lymphoid cells and hepatocytes in a species-restricted manner which followed characteristics of a specific ligand-receptor interaction, although their ability to interact with lymphoid cells was considerably greater than that for hepatocytes. In WHV-infected animals, a natural antibody to the identified cryptic cell-binding site arose independently of that directed against epitopes of unmodified virus envelope and its appearance constituted the earliest immunovirological indicator of virus invasion. Our results demonstrated that the preS1 domain of the large WHV envelope protein is endowed with the species- and cell type-specific recognition site which is protected against antibody surveillance by the natural tertiary structure of the protein and we suggest that proteolytic cleavage is required to induce the binding activity.

Jin Z.H., Zhao G.L., Ziong S.S., Kou P.Y., Ma L.L., Chen H.T., Qi J.Y., Ba Q.J. & Mai K. 1988. An experimental transmission of woodchuck hepatitis virus to young Chinese marmots. Hepatology, 8(2): 371-373.
En anglais, in English.

Fourteen young Chinese marmots (Marmota bobak sibirica Radde) were randomly allocated to two groups of seven each. They were injected intrahepatically with a standard woodchuck hepatitis virus challenge pool or a negative pool, prepared from sera of woodchucks with and without woodchuck hepatitis virus infection, respectively. Marmot No. 2 in the experimental group experienced an episode of seroconversion from woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen to anti-woodchuck hepatitis antibody. Woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA was detected, and woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen particles of both spherical and filamentous forms and intact woodchuck hepatitis virus virions were found in its serum. By contrast, none of the control group animals (receiving the negative pool) produced any marker of woodchuck hepatitis virus. This suggests that young Chinese marmots can get woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.

Jing Xin & Miller Roger H. 1991. Novel repeats in the genome of the woodchuck Marmota monax. Nucleic Acids Res., 19(11): 3151.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, génétique, genetics.
Extrait pdf extract

Jingyu Diao, Slaney D. & Michalak T. 2003. Modulation of the outcome and severity of hepadnaviral hepatitis in woodchucks by antibodies to hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor. Hepatology, Baltimore Md., 38 (3) : 629-638.
En anglais, in English.
Woodchuck-hepatitis, Hépatite de la marmotte américaine, Glycoprotein, Glycoprotéine, Receiver,Récepteur, Autoantibody, Autoanticorps, Immune complex, Immuncomplexe, Modulation, Biological marker, Marqueur biologique.
Viral hepatitis is frequently accompanied by humoral autoimmune responses toward both organ-nonspecific and liver-specific antigens, but contribution of these reactivities to liver injury remains unrecognized. Infection with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) has been identified as a potent inducer of autoantibodies against asialoglycoprotein receptor (anti-ASGPR), a molecule essentially unique to hepatocytes that mediates clearance of desialylated serum proteins. In this study, we applied the WHV-woodchuck model of hepatitis B to examine the effect of experimentally elicited anti-ASGPR on the progression and the severity of WHV hepatitis in initially healthy animals immunized with the receptor and then infected with WHV and in woodchucks with ongoing chronic WHV hepatitis. The results implied that the induction of anti-ASGPR prior to WHV infection tends to modulate acute viral hepatitis toward chronic outcome and, in animals with established chronic WHV infection, exacerbates histologic severity of liver lesions. The findings also suggest that the liver compromised by chronic hepadnavirus infection might be prone to anti-ASGPR-directed complement-mediated hepatocellular injury and that this is associated with formation of the ASGPR-anti-ASGPR immune complexes on hepatocyte surface. In conclusion, the host's immune response mounted against a hepatocyte-specific autoantigen may modulate both the outcome and the severity of liver injury in viral hepatitis.

Jobin A., Molinari P. & Breitenmoser U. 2000.Prey spectrum, prey preference and consumption rates of Eurasian lynx in the Swiss Jura Mountains [Spectre des proies, préférences et taux de consommation du lynx eurasien des montagnes du Jura suisse]. Acta Theriologica, 45(2): 243-252.
En anglais, in English.
Lynx lynx, Rupicapra rupicapra, Capreolus capreolus, Marmota marmota, régime alimentaire, diet, spectre des proies, prey spectrum, proies préférées, prey preference; consommation, consumption rate, kill rate.
We examined 617 kills made by radio-tracked Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) from March 1988 to May 1998 to assess prey spectrum, preference, and food consumption rates in the Swiss Jura Mountains. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus and chamois Rupicapra rupicapra were the main prey (69 and 22%, respectively), followed by red fox Vulpes vulpes, brown hare Lepus europaeus, domestic cat Felis catus, wild cat Felis sylvestris, marmot Marmota marmota, pine marten Martes martes, capercaillie Tetrao urogallus, and badger Meles meles. Lynx fed on an ungulate prey from 1 to 7 days, depending on the prey category. The consumption rates of males, of females alone, and of females with kittens varied from 3.2 to 4.9 kg per night, with an increasing trend as the kittens grew older. Including the days when lynx had no kill (searching time) lynx consumed 2 ± 0.9 kg per night. The mean searching time was 1.5-2 days for females, depending on the season and the number of kittens, and 2.5 days for males. The mean interval between consecutive kills was 5.9 for males and 5.2 days for females, respectively. At 38% of carcasses the presence of one or several scavengers (red fox, raven Corvus corax or both) was detected. Although 69% of the kills were roe deer and only 22% chamois, we hypothesise that in the forests of the Jura Mountains chamois are more vulnerable to lynx predation than roe deer, as chamois had a slightly higher preference index (0.59) than roe deer (0.41), based on rough estimates of the two ungulate populations in the study area.

Johns D.W. & Armitage K.B. 1979. Behavioral ecology of alpine yellow-bellied marmots [Ecoéthologie des marmottes alpines à ventre jaune]. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 5 (2) : 133-157.
(Marmota flaviventris) ; Ecologie ; Ethologie ; USA ; Colorado.
Étude au cours de l'été sur les pentes du north pole basin, Colorado (3.400 m.)
1- An inverstigation of the behavior and ecology of several contiguous harems of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) was conducted in an alpine area of North Pole Basin, Gunnison County, Colorado. At an elevation of 3,400m, the study site differed from those of previous marmot studies in that no forest restricted interharem movement or social contact. 2- Meadow vegetation was patchily distributed and covered half sytudy area; clumps of willow comprised most of the remaining vegetation. Eighty two marmot burrows wihin the study area (most of which were unoccupied) were randomly distributed. The 26 most frequently occupied burrows (hibernacula and summer residences) also had a random spatial distribution. 3- Two or more marmots commonly occupied the same hibernacula and summer residence burrows, resulting in highly clumped spatial distribution of marmots. 4- Ecological densities of adult and yearling residents in North Pole Basin were usually higher than densities at East River Valley study sites in the same region (Table 9). 5- In contrast to annual reproduction commonly observed at lower elevations, no alpine female marmot was observed to produce young in consecutive years. 6- Burrow mates were generally much more closely related than nonburrowmate members of the same harem (Table4). 7- The intensity of foraging activity varied thoughout the active season, being low in May, June, and September and very high in July and August (Fig1). Forage ranges of individuals varied in size from 0.1 to 2.2 ha (table5), and were larger in the year of low food availability. The average degrees of forage range exclusivity for each level of social organization were: individual,10%; burrow groups,41%; and harem groups, 88%. 8- Rates of social interaction changed thoughout the active season; agonistic and sexual rates of interactions generally decreased and the amicable interaction rate generally rose between early June and late August (Fig6). 9- Among burrowmates, social interactions were predominantly amicable. But between nonburrowmate members of the same harem and between members of different harems, agonistic interactions predominated. 10- Yearling offspring that remained resident in their natal harem thoughout the summer had predominantly amicable social interations with their parents. Social interaction of these yearling with nonparent adults were primarily agonistic ones in which the yearlings were subordinant. 11- Environmental parameters, population dynamics, resource utilization patterns, and social dynamics were evaluated in terms of their relationships to population density, intraspecific composition, parent offspring relations, and male territoriality.

Johnson A.M. 1926. Tree-climbing woodchucks again [Des marmottes des bois grimpeuses d'arbres, à nouveau]. J. Mammal., 7(2): 132-133.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, éthologie, ethology.

Johnson C.E. 1923. Aquatic habits of the woodchuck [Comportement aquatique de la marmotte des bois] . J. Mammal., 4(2): 105-107.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, éthologie, ethology

Johnson P.J. & Williams R. 1982. Of woodchucks and men: the continuing story of hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.), 284(6329): 1586-1588.
En anglais, in English. Marmota monax, homme, hépatite, hepatitis.

Johnson M.L. 1974. Mammals [Les mammifères]. In Biochemical and immunological taxonomy of animals, C.A. Wright ed., Acad. Press, London, 1-87.
(Mammifères) : Taxonomie : Biochimie : Immunologie

Johnson M. L. 1989. Threatened Rodents in the northwesten North American region[Rongeurs menacés de la région du nord-ouest Nord Américain]. In Rodents. A world survey of species of Conservation Concern, Z. Lidiker Jr. Ed., Occasional papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, 1-3, IUCN, Gland.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota vancouverensis, gestion, management, conservation.

Johnson M.L. & Johson S. 1952. Checklist of mammals of the Olympic Peninsula Peninsula [Liste des mammifères de la péninsule Olympic]. Murrelet, 33: 32-37.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals.

Johnson M.S., Major M.A. & Casteel S.W. 2004. Lead accumulation in woodchucks (Marmota monax) at small arms and skeet ranges [Accumulation de plomb chez les marmottes communes américaines (Marmota monax) dans les zones de tir]. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 59(2): 232-236.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, pollution, plomb, lead.
Increasing concern regarding the stewardship of US Army lands requires a proactive program to evaluate sites of potential risk. Small arms and upland skeet ranges are a potentially significant source of lead exposure for burrowing mammals. Woodchucks (Marmota monax) were evaluated for lead exposure in a previously used upland skeet range and a small arms range, respective to animals collected at two nearby reference locations. Soil lead concentrations collected at burrow entrances on the firing ranges were compared with blood, bone, kidney, liver, and fecal concentrations of woodchucks collected from the reference areas. No statistical differences were found in the lead concentrations in tissue between woodchucks in reference and firing ranges; concentrations of lead in liver and kidney were below detection limits. Levels in bone, blood, and feces suggest the bioavailability of lead at these various sites, although other factors (e.g., differences in foraging areas, age structure, habitat preferences, and environmental conditions) were also likely to influence exposure. Blood levels were below that which suggests toxicity. Further analysis of other ranges with higher lead concentrations and of small mammal species with smaller home ranges is recommended to further elucidate trends that could be extrapolated to other sites.

Johnson R.P. 1973. Scent marking in mammals [Le marquage olfactif chez les mammifères]. Anim. Behav., 21: 521-535.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals, marquage olfactif, olfactif marking.

This paper reviews experimental and field studies on scent marking behaviour. The occurrence and effects of scent marking are considered in particular, and a number of areas for further research are made apparent. Marking behaviour in mammals is often stated to be "territorial" or, more specifically, to play a role in territorial defence. In fact there is a shortage of evidence to support this view; many of the relevant observations are anecdotal or interpreted with preconceived notions of function in mind. While marking is clearly associated with aggressive behaviour in many species and may therefore be related in some way to territorial behaviour, its role in aggression is not understood. Moerover, there is evidence to support a number of other theories of function some of which are unrelated to territory. It seems that, as with any other mode of communication, scent marking has become adapted for use in a variety of contexts. It probably has more than one function in any one species and different functions in different species.

Johnson S.A. & Berkley K.A. 1999. Construction of a natal den by an introduced river otter (Lutra canadensis) in Indiana. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 113:301-304.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, Wisconsin, EUA, USA.
They reported on two litters of river otter in Wisconsin raised in woodchuck (Marmota monax) burrows.

Johnston Verna R. 1994.California Forests and Woodlands. A Natural History [Forêts et régions boisées de Californie. Une histoire naturelle]. California Natural History Guides, 58.
En anglais, in English.
En ligne, on line. ou Extrait pdf extract
Marmota flaviventris, marmotte à ventre jaune, Yellow-bellied Marmot, Californie, California, EUA, USA.

Joisten C. & Joisten Alice 1959. Quelques traditions orales de Savoie [Some oral traditions in Savoy]. Revue de Savoie, 4 : 319-341.
En français, in French.
Ethnologie, ethnology, Savoie..

Jones Clyde, Hoffmann Robert S., Rice Dale W., Baker Robert J., Engstrom Mark D., Bradley Robert D., Schmidly David J. & Jones Cheri A. 1997. Revised checklist of North American Mammals North of Mexico [Liste révisée des mammifères Nord américain au nord de Mexico]. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University, Number 173 : :1-19.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota broweri, Alaska Marmot, Marmota, Hoary Marmot, Marmota flaviventris, Yellow-bellied Marmot, Marmota monax, Woodchuck, Marmota olympus , Olympic Marmot, Marmota vancouverensis, Vancouver Marmot.

Jones G.W. 1937. The ear muscles of the woodchuck [Les muscles des oreilles de la marmotte des bois]. J. Mammal., 18(4): 517.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, physiologie, physiology, audition, hearing.

Jones J.K. Jr. 1964. Distribution and taxonomy of mammals of Nebraska [Distribution et taxonomie des mammifères du Nebraska]. Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 16: 1-356.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals, Marmota, biogéographie, biogeography, Nebraska, États-Unis d'Amérique, USA.

Jones J.K. Jr., Armstrong D.M. & Choate J.R. 1985. Guide to mammals of the plains states [Guide des mammifères des états de plaine]. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, XIX, 371p.
En anglais, in English.
Faune, fauna guide, éradication, extirpation, répartition, distribution, Marmota flaviventris, Marmota monax.
Alces alces, Cervus canadensis, Cervus elaphus, Odocoileus hemionus, Odocoileus virginianus, Rangifer tarandus, éradication, extirpation: Bison bison, Antilocapra americana, Oreamnos americanus, Ovis canadensis, Sus scrofa (feral), introduction: Dama dama, Cervus dama, Tayassu tajacu, répartition, distribution records: North dakota, South dakota, Nebraska, kansas, Oklahoma, Myotis austroriparius, Myotis evotis, Myotis keenii, Myotis leibii, Myotis grisescens, Myotis lucifugus, Myotis sodalis, Myotis thysanodes, Myotis volans, Myotis velifer, Myotis yumanensis, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Eptesicus fuscus, Pipistrellus hesperus, Pipistrellus subflavus, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus, Nycticeius humeralis, Plecotus rafinesquii, Plecotus townsendii, Antrozous pallidus, Tadarida brasiliensis, Tadarida macrotis, Euderma maculatum, Canis latrans, Canis lupus, Canis niger, Canis rufus, Vulpes velox, Vulpes vulpes, Ursus arctos, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Euarctos americanus, Ursus americanus, Procyon lotor, Bassariscus astutus, Martes americana, Martes pennanti, Mustela erminea, Mustela frenata, Mustela nigripes, Mustela rixosa, Mustela nivalis, Mustela vison, Gulo gulo, Taxidea taxus, Spilogale gracilis, Spilogale putorius, Mephitis mephitis, Lutra canadensis, Felis concolor, Lynx rufus, Felis rufus, Lynx canadensis, Felis lynx, Conepatus mesoleucus, Felis paradalis, Sylvilagus aquaticus, Sylvilagus audubonii, Sylvilagus floridanus, Sylvilagus nuttallii, Lepus americanus, Lepus californicus, Lepus townsendii, Eutamias minimus, Tamias minimus, Eutamias quadrivittatus, Tamias quadrivittatus, Tamias striatus, Marmota flaviventris, Marmota monax, Spermophilus richardsonii, Spermophilus elegans, Spermophilus franklinii, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, Spermophilus spilosoma, Cynomys ludovicianus, Otospermophilus variegatus, Spermophilus variegatus, Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, Glaucomys sabrinus, Glaucomys volans, Castor canadensis, Ondatra zibethicus, Erethizon dorsatum.

Jones J.K. Jr., Armstrong D.M., Hoffmann R.S. & Jones C. 1983. Mammals of the Northern Great Plains [Mammifères des Grandes Plaines du Nord]. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, xii + 285 pp.
En anglais, in English.
Faune, fauna guide, mammifères, mammals, Marmota flaviventris, Marmota monax, biogéographie, biogeography, Nebraska, North dakota, South dakota, Amérique du Nord, North America.
Myoris evotis, Myotis keenii, Myotis leibii, Myotis volans, Myotis thysanodes, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Pipistrellus subflavus, Eptesicus fuscus, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Nycticeius humeralis, Plecotus townsendii, Tadarida brasiliensis, Canis latrans, Canis lupus, Vulpes velox, Vulpes vulpes, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Euarctos americanus, Ursus americanus, Ursus arctos, Procyon lotor, Martes americana, Martes pennanti, Mustela erminea, Mustela vison, Mustela frenata, Mustela nigripes, Mustela rixosa, Mustela nivalis, Gulo gulo, Taxidea taxus, Lutra canadensis, Mephitis mephitis, Felis concolor, Lynx canadensis, Felis lynx, Lynx rufus, Lynx rufus, Sylvilagus audubonii, Sylvilagus floridanus, Sylvilagus nuttalli, Lepus americanus, Lepus californicus, Lepus townsendii, Tamias striatus, Marmota flaviventris, Marmota monax, Spermophilus richardsoni, Spermophilus elegans, Spermophilus spilosoma, Spermophilus franklinii, Cynomys ludovicianus, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, Glaucomys volans, Glaucomys sabrinus, Castor canadensis, Ondatra zibethicus, Erethizon dorsatum, Myocastor coypus.

Jones J.K. & Birney E.C. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North-Central States [Guide des mammifères des états du Nord et du centre]. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pg. 158-159.
En anglais, in English.
Faune, fauna guide, mammifères, mammals, répartition, distribution, Marmota monax, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, EUA, USA.
Myotis austroriparius, Myotis grisescens, Myotis leibii, Myotis lucifugus, Myotis septentrionalis, Myotis sodalis, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Pipistrellus subflavus, Eptesicus fuscus, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Nycticeius humeralis, Plecotus rafinesquii, Tadarida brasiliensis, Tadarida macrotis, Plecotus townsendii, Sylvilagus aquaticus, Sylvilagus floridanus, Lepus americanus, Lepus townsendii, Eutamias minimus, Tamias minimus, Eutamias striatus, Tamias striatus, Marmota monax, Spermophilus franklinii, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, Spermophilus richardsonii, Sciurus niger, Sciurus carolinensis, Tamaisciurus hudsonicus, Glaucomys sabrinus, Glaucomys volans, Castor canadensis, Ondatra zibethicus, Erethizon dorsatum, Lepus californicus, Canis latrans, Canis lupus, Canis niger, Canis rufus, Vulpes velox, Vulpes vulpes, Procyon lotor, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Euarctos americanus, Arctos americanus, Martes americana, Martes pennanti, Gulo gulo, Mustela erminea, Mustela frenata, Mustela rixosa, Mustela nivalis, Mustela vison, Taxidea taxus, Spilogale putorius, Mephitis mephitis, Lutra canadensis, Felis concolor, Lynx canadensis, Felis lynx, Lynx rufus, Felis rufus, Ursus arctos, Alopes lagopus.

Jones J.K. Jr., Carter D.C., Genoways H.H. 1973. Checklist of North American mammals North of Mexico [Liste des mammifères américain au nord de Mexico]. Texas Tech. University, Lubbock, Museum Occasional papers n°12, 14p.
En anglais, in English.
Faune, fauna list, nomenclature, Marmota monax, Marmota flaviventris, Marmota broweri, Marmota caligata, Marmota olympus, Marmota vancouverensis.
Canis latrans, Canis lupus, Canis rufus, Alopex lagopus, Vulpes vulpes, Vulpes macrotis, Vulpes velox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Urocyon littoralis, Euarctos americanus, Ursus americanus, Ursus arctos, Ursus maritimus, Procyon lotor, Bassariscus astutus, Nasua nasua, Martes americana, Martes pennanti, Mustela erminea, Mustela frenata, Mustela vison, Mustela rixosa, Mustela nivalis, Mustela nigripes, Gulo luscus, Gulo gulo, Taxidea taxus, Spilogale putorius, Spilogale gracilis, Mephitis mephitis, Mephitis macroura, Conepatus mesoleucus, Conepatus leuconotus, Enhydra lutris, Lutra canadensis, Lontra canadensis, Felis concolor, Panthera onca, Felis onca, Felis pardalis, Felis wiedii, Lynx rufus, Lynx canadensis, Lynx lynx, Felis yagouaroundi, Sus scrofa (feral), Tayassu tajacu, Dicotyles tajacus, Cervus dama, Cervus canadensis, Cervus elaphus, Odocoileus hemionus, Odocoileus virginianus, Alces alces, Rangifer tarandus, Bison bison, Oreamnos americanus, Ovibos moschatus, Ovis canadensis, Ovis dalli, Ammotragus lervia, Antilocapra americana, Ochotona collaris, Ochotona princeps, Sylvilagus idahoensis, Sylvilagus bachmani, Sylvilagus palustris, Sylvilagus floridanus, Sylvilagus nutallii, Sylvilagus floridanus, Sylvilagus audubonii, Sylvilagus aquaticus, Oryctolaus cuniculus, Lepus americanus, Lepus timidus, Lepus articus, Lepus townsendii, Lepus californicus, Lepus callotis, Lepus alleni, Lepus europaeus, Aplodontia rufa, Tamias striatus, Eutamias alpinus, Eutamias minimus, Eutamias amoenus, Eutamias townsendii, Eutamias sonomae, Eutamias merriami, Eutamias dorsali, Eutamias quadrivittatus, Eutamias ruficaudus, Eutamias cinereicollis, Eutamias speciosus, Eutamias panamintinus, Eutamais umbrinus, Eutamias palmeri, Eutamais umbrinus, Eutamias palmeri, Marmota monax, Marmota flaviventris, Marmota broweri, Marmota caligata, Marmota olympus, Marmota vancouverensis, Ammospermophilus harrisii, Ammospermophilus leucurus; ammospermophilus interpres; ammospermophilus nelsoni; spermophilus brunneus; spermophilus richardsonii, Spermophilus armatus, Spermophilus beldingi, Spermophilus columbianus, Spermophilus parryi, Spermophilus mexicanus, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, Spermophilus spilosoma, Spermophilus franklinii, Spermophilus variegatus, Spermophilus beecheyi, Spermophilus mohavensis, Spermophilus lateralis, Spermophilus tereticaudus, Spermophilus saturatus, Cynomys ludovicianus, Cynomys leucurus, Cynomys parvidens, Cynomys gunnisoni, Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurius griseus, Sciurus aberti, Sciurus niger, Sciurus kaibabensis, Sciurus nayaritensis, Sciurus arizonensis, Glaucomys volans, Glaucomys sabrinus, Tamaisciurus douglasii, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, Castor canadensis, Ondatra zibethicus, Erethizon dorsatum, Myocastor coypus.

Jones J.K. Jr., Carter D.C., Genoways H.H., Hoffmann R.S., Rice D.W. & Jones C. 1986. Revised checklist of North American mammals North of Mexico [Révision de la liste des mammifères américain au nord de Mexico]. Texas Tech. University, Lubbock, Museum Occasional papers n°107, 22p.
En anglais, in English.
Faune, fauna list, Marmota caligata, Marmota broweri, Marmota flaviventris, Marmota monax, Marmota olympus, Marmota vancouverensis.
Ochotona collaris, Ochotona princeps, Sylvilagus idahoensis, Brachylagus idahoensis, Sylvilagus aquaticus, Sylvilagus audubonii, Sylvilagus bachmani, Sylvilagus floridanus, Sylvilagus nuttalii, Sylvilagus palustris, Sylvilagus transitionalis, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Lepus alleni, Lepus americanus, Lepus arcticus, Lepus othus, Lepus californicus, Lepus callotis, Lepus townsendii, Aplodontia rufa, Tamias striatus, Eutamias spp., Tamias spp., Eutamias alpinus, Eutamias amoenus, Eutamias canipes, Eutamias cinereicollis, Eutamias dorsalis, Eutamias merriami, Eutamias obscurus, Eutamias quadrimaculatus, Eutamias panamintinus, Eutamias palmeri, Eutamias quadrivittatus, Eutamias rufus, Eutamias ruficaudus, Eutamias sonomae, Eutamias speciosus, Eutamias townsendii, Eutamias umbrinus, Marmota caligata, Marmota broweri, Marmota flaviventris, Marmota monax, Marmota olympus, Marmota vancouverensis, Cynomys gunnisoni, Cynomys leucurus, Cynomys ludovicianus, Cynomys parvidens, Ammospermophilus harrisii, Ammospermophilus interpres, Sciurus aberti, Ammospermophilus leucurus, Sciurus griseus, Ammospermophilus nelsoni, Sciurus niger, Sciurus arizonensis, Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus nayaritensis, Tamiasciurus douglasii, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, Glaucomys sabrinus, Glaucomys volans, Spermophilus armatus, Otospermophilus beecheyi, Spermophilus beecheyi, Spermophilus beldingi, Spermophilus brunneus, Spermophilus columbianus, Spermophilus parryii, Spermophilus richardsoni, Spermophilus elegans, Spermophilus franklinii, Callospermophilus lateralis, Spermophilus lateralis, Spermophilus mexicanus, Spermophilus mohavensis, Castor canadensis, Spermophilus washingtoni, Spermophilus townsendi, Erethizon dorsatum, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, Spermophilus tereticaudus, Myocastor coypu, Otospermophilus variegatus, Canis latrans, Canis lupus, Canis niger, Canis rufus, Alopex lagopus, Vulpes macrotis, Vulpes velox, Vulpes vulpes, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Urocyon littoralis, Euarctos americanus, Ursus americanus, Ursus arctos, Ursus maritimus, Nasua nasua, Bassariscus astutus, Procyon lotor, Martes americana, Mares pennanti, Mustela vison, Mustela erminea, Mustela frenata, Gulo gulo, Mustela nigripes, Taxidea taxus, Spilogale gracilis, Spilogale putorius, Mephitis mephitis, Mephitis macroura, Conepatus leuconotus, Conepatus mesoleucus, Lutra canadensis, Enhydra lutris, Felis wiedii, Felis concolor, Felis pardalis, Panthera onca, Felis onca, Lynx canadensis, Felis lynx, Lynx rufus, Felis rufus, Felis yagouaroundi, Ursus maritimus, Callorhinus ursinus, Arctocephalus townsendi, Eumetopias jubatus, Zalophus californianus, Odobenus rosmarus, Phoca larga, Phoca vitulina, Pusa hispida, Halichoerus grypus, Pagophilus groenlandicus, Histriophoca fasciata, Erignathus barbatus.

Jones J.K. Jr. & Choate J.R. 1980. Annoted checklist of mammals of Nebraska [Liste de contrôle annotée des mammifères du Nebraska]. Prairie Naturalist, 12: 43-53.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals, Marmota, biogéographie, biogeography, Nebraska, Etats-Unis d'Amérique, USA.

Jones J.K. Jr. &Homan; J.A. 1976. Contribution to a bibliography of Recent Texas mammals [Contribution à une bibliographie récente des mammifères du Texas], 1961-1970. Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ., 41:1-21.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals, Amérique du Nord, North Ameica, Texas

Jones J.K. Jr., Hoffman R.S., Rice D.W., Jones C., Baker R.J. & Engstrom M.D. 1992. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1991 [Liste révisée des mammifères Nord américain au nord de Mexico, 1991]. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 146:1-23.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals, Amérique du Nord, North America.

Jones J.K. Jr. & Jones C. 1992. Revised checklist of Recent land mammals of Texas, with annotations [Liste révisée des mammifères terrestres actuels du Texas avec des annotations]. Texas J. Sci., 44(1): 53-74.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals, Amérique du Nord, North America, Texas.

Jones J.K. & Manning R.W. 1992. Illustrated Key to Skulls of North American Land Mammals [Clé illustrée des crânes des mammifères terrestres Nord américain]. Texas Tech University Press: Lubbock.
En anglais, in English.
Clé d’identification, identification key, anatomie, anatomy, crâne, skull.

Jones J.K. Jr., Young C.J. & Schmidly D.J. 1985. Contribution to a bibliography of Recent Texas mammals, 1971-1980 [Contribution à la bibliographie des mammifères actuels du texas]. Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ., 95:1-44.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals, Amérique du Nord, North America, Texas.

Jones J.K. Jr., Jones C. & Schmidly D.J. 1988. Annotated checklist of Recent land mammals of Texas [liste anootée des ammifères terrestres actuels du Texas]. Occas. Papers Mus. Texas Tech Univ., 119:1-26.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals, Amérique du Nord, North America, Texas.

Jordán (Jordan) G. & Ruiz-Olmo J. 1988. Vulpes vulpes L. criando en una colonia de marmota (Marmota marmota) en el Pirineo de Lérida. Doñana, Acta Vertebrata, 15(2): 247-248.
En anglais, in English.
Vulpes vulpes, Marmota marmota, Espagne, Pyrénées, Pyrenees.

Jordan K. 1929. [Puces collectées par le Dr. Jettmar en Mongolie et en Mandchourie, 1927-1928. On fleas collected by Dr. H.M. Jettmar in Mongolia and Manchuria in 1927 and 1928]. Novitates Zool., 35: 155-164.
En anglais, in English.
Insectes, puces, Mongolie, Mongolia, Mandchourie, Mandchouria.

Jordan K. & Rotschild N.C. 1911. Some new Siphonaptera from China [Quelques nouveaux Siphonatères de Chine]. Proc. Zool. Soc. of London, 365-363.
En anglais, in English.
Insectes, puces, fleas, Chine, China

Jordan K. & Rotschild 1920. A preliminary catalogue of the Siphonoptera of Switzerland [Catalogue préliminaire des Siphonaptères de Suisse]. Ectoparasites, 1: 78-122.
En anglais, in English.
Insectes, puces, Suisse, Switzerland.

Josephson L., Rutkowski J.V., Paul K., Frigo T., Korba B.E., Tennant B. & Groman E.V. 1996. Antiviral activity of a conjugate of adenine-9-beta-D-arabinofuranoside 5'-monophosphate and a 9 kDa fragment of arabinogalactan. Antivir. Ther., 1(3): 147-156.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, marmotte commune d'Amérique, virus, hépatite.
An arabinogalactan conjugate containing a 9 kDa fragment of arabinogalactan and adenine-9-beta-D-arabinofuranoside 5'-monophosphate (araAMP), denoted AG(9 kDa)-araAMP, has been synthesized and characterized. In 2.2.15 (human hepatoblastoma) cells, the attachment of araAMP to AG(9 kDa), a ligand of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, decreased the effective concentration for inhibiting extracellular hepatitis B virus (HBV) production by 90% (EC90) from 17 to 0.9 microM adenine arabinoside (araA) equivalents, and increased the cytotoxic concentration (CC50) from 188 to > 17 300 microM araA equivalents. Hence, the selectivity index (CC50/EC90) of araA was improved from 11 (188/17) to >19200 (17 300/0.9) by conjugation with the 9 kDa fragment of arabinogalactan. AG(9 kDa)-araAMP did not affect the production of viral RNA or viral proteins. In the woodchuck hepatitis model, AG(9 kDa)-araAMP inhibited woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA replication at a dose of 0.3 mg of araA equivalents per kg; in this case, AG(9 kDa)-araAMP was 20-30 times more potent than was unconjugated araA. AG(9 kDa)-araAMP was effective by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration. The reduction in HBV DNA levels obtained in 2.2.15 cells and of WHV DNA levels in woodchucks was sustained after treatment with AG(9 kDa)-araAMP ceased. In both cases, viral DNA gradually returned to pre-treatment levels.

Jost C. & Jost Y.C. 2004. Les marmottes. Editions Cabédita, 166p.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota.
Extrait pdf extract

Journaux de l'Assemblée législative de la Province du Canada 1858. Appendice du seizième volume des journaux de l'Assemblée législative de la Province du Canada, depuis le 25 février jusqu'au 16 août 1858, inclusivement, dans les vingt-unième et vingt-deuxième années du règne de notre souveraine dame la Reine Victoria, étant la 1re session du 6me Parlement provincial du Canada. Toronto, E.J. Barker.
Courte notice sur les animaux à fourrure de la terre de Rupert et du Canada [Short note on fur animals in the Rupert land and in Canada]. . Catalogue des quadrupèdes de la terre de Rupert.
En français, in French.
Arctomys monax, marmotte monax, Arctomys flaviventio, marmotte à pattes jaunes, Arctomys prinnosus, marmotte blanche.
Texte complet/Full text ICMH (Institut Canadien de Microreproductions historiques)/CIHM

Jouy Étienne de V-J. & J.-T. Merle 1815. L'hermite de la Chaussée-d'Antin ou Observations sur les moeurs et les usages parisiens au commencement du XIXe siècle. Paris, Pillet, Num. BNF.
En français, in French.
Littérature française, French literature, marmotter, to mumble.
"p. 226
j'en devinai la raison en prêtant l'oreille au compliment que l'aîné marmotait à voix basse.
p.279
Il résulta de cet arrangement définitif que Charles se trouva placé sur le devant entre un vieil ecclésiastique, quimarmotait son bréviaire et la petite comédienne qui fredonnait un couplet"

Joyeux Ch. 1927. Deux parasites nouveaux pour la marmotte des Alpes Marmota marmota L. : cysticerque et sarcosporidie [Two new parasites of the alpine marmot M. marmota: cysticercus and Sarcosporidia]. Ann. Parasitol., 5 : 381-382.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, parasitologie, parasitology.

Juan D. 1994a. Étude de la fécondité et éléments de dynamique d'une population de marmotte alpine. Prapic1994 [Fecundity and population dynamic in a population of Alpine marmot. Prapic 1994]. Rapport Parc National des Ecrins, 17 pp.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, dynamique population, population dynamics, Hautes-Alpes, France.

Juan D. 1994b. Compte-rendu des comptage-marmottes de 1994. Premier bilan [Survey of the number of marmots in 1994]. Rapport Parc National des Ecrins, 15 pp.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, dénombrement, census, Hautes-Alpes, France.

Jubinal Achille 1835. Jongleurs et trouvères ou choix de saluts, épitres, rêveries et autres pièces des XIIIe et XIVe siècle [Jugglers and trouveres or choice of greetings, epistles, reveries and other pieces from the XIIIth and XIVth centuries]. Paris, Albert Merklein, Genève, Slatkine 1977.
En français, in French.
Ethnologie, ethnology, XIII siècle, XIIIth century, Marmote p. 106, Marmota marmota, marmotte alpine, alpine marmot. Extrait pdf extract

Jubinal Achille, Éditeur scientifique 1874. Oeuvres complètes de Rutebeuf, trouvère du XIIIe siècle [Complete works of Rutebeuf, XIII th century trouvere]. Tome premier, LXIII-250 p. Num. BNF, Paris, P. Daffis.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, littérature française, French literature, XIIIe siècle, XIII th century.

Jubinal Achille, Éditeur scientifique 1874. Oeuvres complètes de Rutebeuf, trouvère du XIIIe siècle [Complete works of Rutebeuf, XIII th century trouvere]. Paris, P. Daffis, Num. BNF, Tome deuxième, 392 p.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, littérature française, French literature, XIIIe siècle, XIII th century, médicamentation, medication, marmote p. 57. Extrait pdf extract

Jubinal Achille, Éditeur scientifique 1875. Oeuvres complètes de Rutebeuf, trouvère du XIIIe siècle [Complete works of Rutebeuf, XIII th century trouvere]. Paris, P. Daffis, Tome troisième, Num. BNF, 436 p.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, littérature française, French literature, XIIIe siècle, XIII th century, médicamentation, medication, marmote p. 183.
EExtrait pdf

Judd W.W. 1954. Some records of ectoparasites Acarina and Insecta from mammals in Ontorio [Quelques enregistrements d'ectoparasites Acarina et Insecta des mammifères de l'Ontario]. J. Parasitol., 40 : 483-484.
En anglais, in English.
Parasitologie, parasitology, Ontario, Canada.

Judin B.S., Zolotarenko G.S. 1970. Type collections of animals stored in zoological museum of Biological Institute. Fauna of Siberia, Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., Siberian Branch, 10-18.
Faune, fauna.

Jullien R. 1965. Micromammifères de la grotte du Lazaret, Locus VIII [Micromammals from the Lazaret cave, Locus VIII]. Bull. Mus. Anthrop. Préh. Monaco, 12.
(Marmota) : Paléontologie: France : Alpes-Maritimes.

Junius Hadrianus 1608. Nomenclator octilinguis omnium rerum propria nomina continens. Davidum Douceur, Parisiis.
Langages, languages, Latin, Allemand, Deutsch, Flamand, Dutch, Italien, Italian, anglais, English, Quadrupèdes, Quadrupeds, cercopithecus, marmot, monkey, Mus, Junius Hadrianus (1511-1576).
Extrait pdf extract