Obee B. 1995. Teetering on extinction [Jeu de bascule sur l’extinction]. Beautiful British Columbia, 37: 18-23.
En anglais, in English.
Disparition.
Obermaier H. 1905. Les restes humains quaternaires dans l'Europe centrale [Quaternary human remains in Central Europe]. L'Anthropologie,
14.
En français, in French.
(Marmota marmota) : Paléontologie : Moravie : République tchèque.
Oberthur J. 1936-1937. Gibiers de notre pays. Histoire naturelle pour les chasseurs [Game of our country. Natural history for hunters]. 3 vol., Champs-Elysées, Paris.
En français, in French.
Chasse, hunting, France.
Obukhov(Oboukhof) P.A., Evdokimov (Evdokimof) A.V., Drobot B.A. 1975. [Caractéristiques zoologiques et parasitologiques de la partie centrale de la chaîne de of Tzagan-Shibetu. Zoological and parasitological characteristics of central part of Tzagan-Shibetu ridge]. V sborn. Mejdounarod. i natzion. aspekty epidnadzora pri tchoume, Irkoutsk, 2: 5-7.
En russe, in Russian).
Parasitologie, parasitology.
Ochirov (Otchirof) Yu.D. 1967. [Répartition et dénombrement de certains mammifères du nord de la région de Tchita. Distribution and numbers some mammals of North part of Chita oblast]. Izv. Irkoutsk. protivotchoum. in-ta Sib. i Dal. Vost., 27: 69-74.
En russe, in Russian.
Réparition, distribution, Tchita, Chita.
Octobon F.C.E. 1965. Grotte du Lazaret, Nice (A.M.). Huitième étude sur les fouilles exécutées dans le locus VIII de cette grotte (ancienne grotte Lympia) [The Lazaret Cave, Nice (A.M.). Eighth study on excavations in the VIII locus of this cave (formely Lympia Cave)]. Bull. Mus. Anthropol. préhist. Monaco, 12 : 23-101.
En français, in French.
Paléontologie, paleontology, France, Alpes-Maritimes.
Odinashoev A.O. 1977. [Données sur l’alimentation de la marmotte rouge ou à queue longue Marmota caudata des Pamirs. Data on feeding of the long-tailed, or red, marmot Marmota caudata G. (1982) in Pamirs]. Izvest. Akad. Nauk. Tadjik SSR (Otd. Biol. Nauk), 2: 52-58.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota caudata, alimentation, foraging, Pamir.
Odinashoev A.O. 1982. [Données sur l'engraissement de Marmota caudata (Geoffroy, 1842) au Pamir. Ekologija, 6 : 81-82.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota caudata, écologie, ecology, hibernation, lipides, lipids, Pamir.
Odinashoev A. 1983. Katchestvennaya i kolitchestvennaya otsenka pitaniya krasnogo
sourka na Pamire [Détermination quantitative et qualitative de l'alimentation de
la marmotte à longue queue du Pamir. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the
diet of the long-tailed marmot in the Pamir]. Vestn. zoologii, 6 : 46-49.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota caudata, alimentation, foraging, Pamir.
Odinashoev A. 1986. Oupyt kletotchnogo soderjaniya dlinnokhvostogo ili krasnogo
sourka. 1 Vses. sobechtch. po probl. zookoulit., M., Tez. dokl. u.1, 175-177.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota caudata, élevage, breeding..
Odobescu 1868. Marmottes des Carpathes [Carpathian marmots].
Marmota marmota, Roumanie, Rumania, Carpathes, Carpathians..
OeltgenP.R., Begmann L.C. Spurrier W.A. & Jones S.B. 1978. Isolation of a
hivernation inducing trigger(s) from the plasma of hibernating woodchucks [Isolement d'un déclencheur de l'hibernation à partir du plasma sanguin des marmottes]. Prepar. Biochem., 8 (2-3) : 171-188.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, hibernation, physiologie, physiology, sang, blood
Oeltgen P.R., Blouin R.A., Spurrier W.A. & Myers R.D. 1985. Hibernation "trigger" alters renal function in the primate [Le déclencheur de l’hibernation modifie la fonction rénale des primates]. Physiol. Behav., 34(1): 79-81.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, physiologie, physiology, rein, kidney, hibernation.
Oeltgen Peter R. & Oeltgen Jean K. 1979. Isolation and Characterization of a Hibernation Inducing 'Trigger(s)' from the Plasma of Hibernating Ground Squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus) and Woodchucks (Marmota monax) [Isolement et caractérisation d’un déclencheur inducteur d’hibernation dans le plasma des écureuils terrestres hibernants (Citellus tridecemlineatus) et marmottes communes d’Amérique (Marmota monax)]. Progress rept., 1 Mar-1 Jul 79.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, marmotte commune d’Amérique, woodchuck, Citellus tridecemlineatus, spermophile rayé, thirteen-lined ground squirrel, hibernation, sang, blood.
A hibernation induction trigger (HIT) is present in the plasma of hibernating woodchucks and ground squirrels which can induce hibernation when injected in summer-active ground squirrels. Recent biochemical characterization of this HIT molecule in our laboratory utilizing three distinct resolving techniques, isoelectric focusing, a preparative isotachophoresis, and affinity chromatography clearly indicates that this molecule is bound to or closely associated with albumin in the plasma of hibernating animals. Moreover, our recent efforts to develop an assay for HIT activity of resolved plasma fractions utilizing primates as test animals has given the first indication that this molecule may initiate transient yet profound physiological alterations in these animals. When small amounts of the HIT-active plasma fractions are infused into the brain ventricle fluid of monkeys we have noted some truly remarkable physiological responses such as depressed metabolism, hypothermia, decreased heart rate and the appearance in some animals of an anesthetized state. Our goals are two-fold, we intend to isolate a completely homogeneous HIT molecule which is dissociated from albumin utilizing the techniques of preparative gel electrophoresis and column chromatography.
Oeltgen P.R., Welborn J.R., Nuchols P.A., Spurrier W.A., Bruce D.S. & Su T.P. 1987. Opioids and hibernation. II. Effects of kappa opioid U69593 on induction of hibernation in summer-active ground squirrels by "hibernation induction trigger" (HIT). Life Sci., 41(18): 2115-2120.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, physiologie, physiology, hibernation, opïode, opioid.
Offenbach Jacques 1876. Pierrette et Jacquot. Opérette en 1 acte, Livret de Noriac et Gille, Livret de censure, Paris.
En français, in French.
Littérature française, French literature, marmotte, marmot.
Extrait pdf Extract
Offner J. 1909. Les territoires de refuge de la flore alpine [Refuge territories of Alpine flora]. Annales de Géographie, 18 : 362-364.
En français, in French.
pdf Alpes, Alps, flore, flora, Würm, Wurm.
Ogerien, le frère 1863. Histoire naturelle du Jura et des départements voisins [Natural history of the Jura and its neighbouring departments]. Paris, pp. 571.
En français, in French.
France, Jura.
Oglezneva A.G. 1960. [Données complémentaires sur les ectoparasites des mammifères de l'ouest du Transbaïkal. Additional data on ectoparasites of mammals in West Transbaikalia]. Izv. Irkoutsk. protivochoum. in-ta Sib. i Dal. Vost., Irkoutsk, 23: 287-291.
En russe, in Russian.
Parasitologie, parasitology, Transbaïkal.
Ognev S.I. 1940. Mlekopitayuchthie Tsentral'nogo Tyan'-Chanya (Zailiïskogo i
Koungeï-Alataou) [Mammifères du Tien Chan central]. M. (Materialy k poznaniyu faouny i flory SSSR, Nov. ser. Otd. zool., 3(18). Mammifères, mammals, Tien Chan, Tien Shan.
En russe, in Russian.
Ognev S.I. 1947. Zveri SSSR i prilejachtchikh stran [Animaux de l'URSS et des
contrées voisines. Animals of the USSR and neighbouring countries]. Gryzouny, M.-L. : Izd-vo AN SSSR, 5, pp. 800.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota, faunistique, fauna, URSS, USSR.
Ognev S.V. 1928-1950. [Mammifères d'URSS et des contrées adjacentes. Mammals of USSR and adjacent areas]. Vol. 1-7 (vol. 5. Les rongeurs. The Rodents), Moscow-Leningrad, 615 pp.
En russe, in Russian.
Mammifères, mammals, Marmota bobac, URSS, USSR.
Ognev S.V. 1963. Mammals of the USSR and adjacent countries[Mammifères d'URSS et des contrées adjacentes]. Israel Program Sci. Translations, Jerusalem, 5 : 1-662.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals, Marmota bobak, faunistique , fauna, URSS.
Ognev S.V. & Vorob'ev K.A. 1923. Faouna nazemnykh pozvonotchnykh Voronejskoï goubernii. M., Novaya derevnya.
En russe, in Russian.
Faunistique, fauna, Voronej, Voronezh, Russie, Russia.
Ognev S.V. & Vorob'ev K.A. 1924. [Faune de vertébré de la région de Voronej. Vertebrate fauna of the government of Voronesh].
En russe, in Russian.
Faunistique, fauna, Voronej, Voronezh, Russie, Russia.
Ogston C.W., Jonak G.J., Rogler C.E., Astrin S.M. & Summers J. 1982. Cloning and structural analysis of integrated woodchuck hepatitis virus sequences from hepatocellular carcinomas of woodchucks. Cell, 29(2): 385-394.
Marmota monax, hépatite, heptitis, clonage, cloning.
Ogston C.W. & Razman D.G. 1992. Spliced RNA of woodchuck hepatitis virus. Virology, 189(1): 245-252.
Ogston C.W., Schechter E.M., Humes C.A. & Pranikoff M.B. 1989. Extrahepatic replication of woodchuck hepatitis virus in chronic infection. Virology, 169(1): 9-14.
Ohnishi S., Aoyama H., Shiga J., Itai Y., Moriyama T., Ishikawa T., Sasaki N., Yamamoto K., Koshimizu K., Kaneko S., et al. 1988. Establishment of a new cell line from a woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology, 8(1): 104-107.
Okhlopkov I.M. 2002. Influence of domestic reindeer husbandry on black-capped marmot population in Verchoyansk Mountains. Influence de l'élevage des rennes domestiques sur la population de marmottes à tête noire des montagnes de Verkoyansk. In Abstracts-résumés IVth Marmot World Conference, Ramousse R., Allainé D. & Le Berre M, Eds; International Marmot Network, Lyon, 92-93.
Anglais et français ; English and French
Marmota camtschatica bungei, Yakutian black-capped marmot, marmotte à tête noire de Yakoutie, competition, compétition, Rangifer tarandus.
Оленев Г.В. (Olenev G.V.) 1980. Prijiznennoe opedelenie bidovoï prinadlejnosti myshevidnykh
gryzounov po otpetchatkam zoubov. Vital determination of taxonomic status of murid
rodents by tooth-prints [Détermination vitale du statut taxonomique des rongeurs
muridés par les empreintes dentaires]. Zool. J., 59 : 294-295.
En russe, in Russian.
Rodentia, dents, teeth.
Оленев Г.В. (Olenev G.V.) 1989. [Détermination fonctionnelle des changements ontogénétiques des marqueurs de l’âge chez les rongeurs et leur utilisation pratique dans les recherches sur les populations. Functional determination of ontogenetic changes in age markers in rodents and their pratical utilization in populational investigations]. Soviet
J. Ecol., 20 (2) : 76-86.
En russe, in Russian.
Rodentia, âge, age, écologie, ecology, population.
Оленев Г.В. (Olenev G.V.) 1994. Analyse des différentes méthodes de braconnage, en référence à Marmota bobac dans l'oural méridionnal. The analysis of different methods of poaching with special reference to Marmota bobac in the southern urals. Abstracts 2d Conf. Intern. Marmots, 96-97.
En russe, in Russian.
(Marmota bobac) : Chasse : Russie : Oural.
Оленев Г.В. (Olenev G.V.) 1996. Méthodes de braconnage de Marmota bobac dans l'Oural méridional. Poaching methods of Marmota bobac in Southern Urals. In Biodiversité chez les marmottes/Biodiversity in marmots, Le Berre M., Ramousse R. & Le Guelte L. eds., International Marmot Network, 69-70.
En français et en anglais, in French and in English.
Marmota bobac, chasse, hunting, gestion, management, Russie, Russia, Oural, Ural, Tcheliabinsk, Cheliabinsk.
Оленев Г.В. (Olenev G.V.), Гашек В.А. (Gashek, Gachek V.A.), Закаров В.Д. (Zakharov V.D.), & Лагунов А.В. (Lagunov, Lagounov A.V.) 1997. Опытпереселения степного сурка (Marmota bobac) на южном Урале. Experience of Marmota bobac resettlement on southern Urals [Rétroduction de Marmota bobac dans l'Oural méridional]. In Сурки голартики как фактор биоразнообразия, Sourki golarktiki kak faktor bioraznoobraziya, Holarctic marmot as a factor of biodiversity, Rumiantsev V.Yu., Nikol'skii A.A. & Brandler O.V. eds., III Mejdounarodnaya Konferentsia po sourkam, Tezisy dokladov, III International Conference on Marmots, Abstracts, 70 (Rousskie, Russian), 172 (Angliïskie, English).
En russe et en anglais, in Russian and in English.
Marmota bobac, réintroduction, re-introduction, Oural, Ural, Russie, Russia.
Ol'kova I.V. 1957. Tsitologitcheskne issledovaniya dlinnokhvostykh sousliko
i tarbaganov ouri eksperimentalinoï tchoume. Tez. dokl. konf. Irkoutskogo PTchI,
2, Oulan-Oude.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota sibirica, épidémiologie, epidemiology, peste, plague.
Ol'kova I.V. 1958. Tsitologitcheskne dannye ob eksperimentalinoï tchoume dlinnokhvostykh souslikov i tarbaganov v zavisimosti ot ikh oupitannosti. Izv. Irkoutskogo PTchI, 20, Oulan-Oude.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota sibirica, épidémiologie, epidemiology, peste, plague.
Ol'kova I.V. & Smirnova L.A. 1958. Sezonnaya vospriimtchivosti tarbaganov i dlinnokh-vostykh souslikov k eksperimentaliboï tchoume. Tez. dokl. konf. Irkoutskogo PTchI, 3, Izv. Irkoutskogo PTchI, 21, Irkoutsk.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota sibirica, épidémiologie, epidemiology, peste, plague.
Ol'kova N.V., Smirnova A.B. 1959. [Sensibilité saisonnière de Marmota sibirica et Citellus undulatus à l'infestation xpérimentale au microbe de la peste. Seasonal susceptibility of Marmota Sibirica and Citellus undulatus to plague microbe in experiment]. Izvest. Irkutsk. protivochum. in-ta Sib. i Dal. Vost., Irkoutsk, v.21: 70-81.
En russe, in Russian.
(Marmota sibirica ) ; (Citellus undulatus) : Peste.
Oli Madam K. 1993. A key for the identification of the hair of mammals of a snow
leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in Nepal [Clé d'identification des poils de mammifères de l'habitat du léopard des neiges (Panthera uncia) du Népal]. J. Zool., Lond., 231: 71-93.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, Marmota himalayana, marmotte de l'Himalya, prédation, predation, Panthera uncia, cef de détermination, determination key, Népal.
Analysis of prey remains in scats, particularly hairs, is widely used to study diet of mammalian predators, but identification of hair is often difficult because hair structures vary considerably both within and between species. Use of photographic reference of diagnostically important hair structures from mammals occuring in a predator's habitat has been found to be convenient for routine identification. A photographic reference key was developed for the identification of hairs of the mammals known to occur in a snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. The key included a photographic reference of the diagnostic hair structures of nine species of wild and five species of domestic mammals. The cross-sectional appearance, shape and arragnement of medulla, the ratio of cortex to medulla, and the form and distribution of pigment in medulla and cortex were important diagnostic aids in the identification of hairs.
Oli M.K. 1993. Diet of the snow leopard in Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal [Régime alimentaire du léopard des neiges dans l'aire de conservation de l'Annapurna]. Journal of Zoology (London), 231: 365-370.
En anglais, in English.
Uncia uncia, léopard des neiges, snow leopard.
Oli Madan K. & Armitage K.B. 2004. Yellow-bellied marmot population dynamics : demographic mechanisms of growth and decline [Dynamique des populations de marmottes à ventre jaune : processus démographique de croissance et de déclin]. Ecology, 85(9) : 2446-2455.
En anglais, in English.
Multiple environmental factors may act synergistically to influence demographic characteristics, and ultimately the dynamics, of biological populations. Using prospective and retrospective analyses of demographic data from a 40-year study of individually marked animals, we investigated the demographic mechanisms of the temporal and spatial dynamics of a yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) population. Prospective elasticity analyses indicated juvenile survival (Pj) would have the largest relative influence on the projected population growth rate (l). Relative magnitudes of elasticities did not differ between years characterized by positive (l > 1.0) and negative (l < 1.0) population growth. however, retrospective analyses of a life table response experiment (ltre) revealed that changes in fertility (f), followed by age of first reproduction (a) made the largest contributions to observed annual changes in l. changes in f and a made the largest contributions to annual declines in l, whereas changes in pj also were important to cause increases in l. population dynamic differences among marmot colonies were due primarily to spatial variations in a and pj. our results indicate that changes in reproductive parameters (a and f) primarily drive the temporal dynamics of our study population, and that demographic mechanisms of population increases might differ from those of population declines. studies of the regulation of yellow-bellied marmot populations should focus on the factors or processes influencing reproductive parameters.
Démographie, demography, dynamique des populations, population dynamics, analyse d’élasticité, elasticity analysis, LTRE analysis, Marmota flaviventris, marmotte à ventre jaune, yellow-bellied marmot.
Available pdf disponible
Olivier J. 1979. La marmotte (Marmota marmota L, 1758) dans les pyrénées. Implantation, développement, répartition [The marmot (M. marmota) in the Pyrenees. Settlements, colonization, distribution]. Thèse doctorale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, pp. 104.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota, réintroduction, re-introduction, France, Pyrénées, Pyrenees.
Oliver I. & Beattie A.J. 1993. A possible method for the rapid assessment of
biodiversity [Méthode possible d'ébaluation rapide de la biodiversité]. Conservation Biology, 7(3): 562-568.
En anglais, in Eglish.
Conservation, méthodologie, methodology.
Olivereau M. 1970. Données cytologiques et radiographiques sur la glande thyroide de quelques mammifères hibernants. Activité thyroidienne et présence de cellules C en calcitonine [Cytologic and radiologic data of the thyroid gland of some hibernant mammals. Thyroidic activity and C cells presence]. Z. Zellforsch. mikrosk. Anat., 107: 374-402.
En français, in French.
Physiologie, physiology, hibernation, glandes, glands.
Ollivier de Marichard Jules 1886. Recherches sur l’ancienneté de l’homme dans les grottes des environs de vallon. Grotte de Louoi. Sépulture langlade. Grottes du Caire-Creyt, du Chaoumadon, du châteaau d'Ebbon, des Cinq-Fenêtres, du Tiouré]. Bulletin de la Société des sciences naturelles et historiques de l’Ardèche, n°3 : 58 et 87.
En français, in French.
Archéozoologie, archeozoology, Ardèche, France.
Olsen S.J. 1964. Mammalian remains from archaeological sites. Part I. Southeastern
and southwestern United States [Restes mammaliens des sites archéologiques. 1 parie. Sud-est et sud-ouest des Etats-Unis]. Harvard University, Peabody Museum of Archaeology
and Ethnology, Papers, 56(1): 1-162.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, mammals, paléontologie, paleontology, Etats-Unis d’Amérique, United States of America.
Olson L.E., Yovovich V. & Blumstein D.T. 2003. Early season arboreal behavior in yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) [Comportement arboricole printanier chez les marmottes à ventre jaune]. Oecologia Montana, 12: 12-14. [published in 2006].
En anglais, in English.
Marmota flaviventris, marmotte à ventre jaune, yellow-bellied marmot, éthology, ethology, alimentation, foraging, printemps, spring.
We observed Yellow-bellied Marmots using aspen and spruce trees as forage during a spring with later than usual snow cover. Marmots were seen climbing vertical trees of 10-20 cm in diameter and eating buds and branches. Following snowmelt, tree use declined abruptly. We believe that marmots use trees as an alternative source of forage during years with high spring snow pack. If marmots are emerging earlier and through greater spring snow pack then trees may be an important, but previously neglected, resource.
Available pdf disponible
Olson R.L. 1936. The quinault Indians [Les indiens quinault]. University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, 6: 1-190.
En français, in French.
Marmota, ethnobiologie, ethnobiology.
Olsufiev I.G. 1938. Nekotorye dannye po ekologii dlinnokhvostogo sourka (Marmota
caudata) i ego parazitam. Tr. Otdela med. parazitologii VIEM, 3, Voprosy kraevoï
parazitologii.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota, parasitologie, parasitology, Insectes, Insects.
Ommundsen Peter 2002. Lexicon of British Columbia Mammals. Classification, pronunciation, meaning and derivation of wildlife names [Lexique des mammifères de Colombie Britannique. Classification, prononciation, signification et dérivation des noms d'animaux sauvages]. Cape West Publishing, Saltspring Island.
Mammifères, mammals, dictionnaire, dictionary, Colombie Britannique, British Columbia.
ONC 1993. La marmotte. Bull. mens. ONC, 179 : 6 pp.
En français, in French.
Marmota marmota.
Ondrick K.A. 1974. Aspects of renal structure and function in hibernating ground
squirrels and woodchucks [Aspects de la structure et de la fonction rénale chez les éreuils terrestres et les marmottes]. Diss. Abstr. Int. B (1975?) 3170B.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, physiologie, physiology, rein, kidney, hibernation.
Ondruš S., Gašinec I., Radúch J. & Adamec M. 2003. Program záchrany svišťa vrchovského (Marmota mamota Linnaeus, 1758). Štátna ochrana prírody, B. Bystrica.
Marmota marmota latirostris, Tatras, Tatra mountains.
Ordody S.K. 1877. Das Alpenmurmelthier (Arctomys alpina). Jb. ungarn. Karpenthenver., 4 : 41-51.
En allemand, in German.
Marmota marmota.
Orlenev D.P. & Nikolskii A.A. 1975. [Variabilité du cri
d'alarme chez la marmotte à longue queue. A variability of warning signal of long-tailed marmot]. Abstracts to 2nd All-Union Conf. of Young Scientists on the Problems
of Comparative Morphology and Ecology of Animals, Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 152.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota caudata, cri d'alarme, alarm call.
Orlov A. 1857. [Les nomades Tougouses des régions de Baunt et Angar. The wandering Tunguses of the Baunt and Angar region]. Herald.
Russ. Geogr. Soc. St Petersburg, 21(2-6): 57-63.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota camtschatica, ethnobiologie, ethnobiology, Russie, Russia, Sibérie, Siberia.
Orlov S.I. 1932. Sourok pod Novosibirskom. Okhotnik i rybak Sibiri, 1.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota, Russie, Russia, Sibérie, Siberia.
Orlov V.A. 1984. [La marmotte de Menzbier. Menzbier's Marmot]. Red Data Book, Moscow: Lesnaya Pro- myshlennost' Publishers, 1 : 19-20.
En russe, in Russian.
Conservation.
Orlov V.N. 1989. Rodents of conservation concern in the Soviet Union Region [Conservation des rongeurs en Union Soviétique].
In Rodents. A world survey od species of conservation concern, Lidicker W.Z. Ed.,
40-41, Occasional paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commision, Iucn, Gland.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota sibirica Radde, 1862, Marmota menzbieri, Russie, Russia, Ukraine, Conservation.
Ortmann S. 1989. Jahreszeitliche Anpassung der Stoffwechselrate beim Alpenmurmeltier Marmota marmota (Linne): Winterschlaf und Normo-thermie. Ph. D thesis, Philipps University, Marburg.
En allemand, in German.
Marmota marmota, physiologie, physiology, hibernation.
Ortmann S. 1997. Strategien der saisonalen Anpassung beim Alpenmurmeltier (Marmota marmota) [Stratégies d'adaptation saisonnière chez la marmotte alpine]. Dissertation, Philipps-Universität Marburg.
En allemand, in German.
Marmota marmota, saison, season.
Ortmann S. & Heldmaier G. 1992. Bilancio energetico nella Marmotta alpina durante l'iibernazione e in condizioni di normotermia. Energetics of normothermic and hibernatting alpine marmots. Proc. 1st International Symposium on Alpine Marmot (Marmota marmota) and on Genus Marmota, Bassano et al. eds., 221-225.
En italien et en anglais, in Italian and in English.
Marmota marmota, physiologie, hibernation.
Ortmann S. & Heldmaier G. 1993. Body temperature and torpor bout duration
in Alpine marmots: the benefit of joint hibernation [Température corporelle et durée des bouts de torpeur chez la marmotte alpine : Bénéfice de l'hibernation en groupe]. In Life in the cold. Ecological, Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms, Carey C., Florant G.L., B. Wunder & B. Orwitz eds., Westview
Press, Boulder.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota marmota, hibernation, social.
Ortmann S. & Heldmaier G. 2000. Regulation of body temperature and energy requirements of hibernating Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota). Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 278(3): R698-R704.
(Marmota marmota, température corporelle, body temperature, hibernation, Sciuridae, dépense énergétique, energy expenditure, métabolisme, metabolic rate, conductivité thermique, thermal conductivity, expérimentation animale, animal experiment.
Body temperature and metabolic rate were recorded continuously in two groups of marmots either exposed to seasonally decreasing ambient temperature (15 to 0 degrees C) over the entire hibernation season or to short-duration temperature changes during midwinter. Hibernation bouts were characterized by an initial 95% reduction of metabolic rate facilitating the drop in body temperature and by rhythmic fluctuations during continued hibernation. During midwinter, we observed a constant minimal metabolic rate of 13.6 ml O(2). kg(-1). h(-1) between 5 and 15 degrees C ambient temperature, although body temperature increased from 7.8 to 17.6 degrees C, and a proportional increase of metabolic rate below 5 degrees C ambient temperature. This apparent lack of a Q(10) effect shows that energy expenditure is actively downregulated and controlled at a minimum level despite changes in body temperature. However, thermal conductance stayed minimal (7.65 +/- 1.95 ml O(2). kg(-1). h(-1). degrees C(-1)) at all temperatures, thus slowing down cooling velocity when entering hibernation. Basal metabolic rate of summer-active marmots was double that of winter-fasting marmots (370 vs. 190 ml O(2). kg(-1). h(-1)). In summary, we provide strong evidence that hibernation is not only a voluntary but a well-regulated strategy to counter food shortage and increased energy demands during winter.
Oryx 1987. Reserve for marmots [Réserves à marmottes]. Oryx 21:252.
En anglais, in English.
Conservation.
Oryx 1990. Plans to transport marmots [Planifications du transport de marmottes]. Oryx 24:43.
En anglais, in English.
Conservation.
Osadchaya L.M. 1960. [Caractéristiques des souches de microbe de la peste isolées dans différents foyers de peste et à différentes étapes épizootologiques. Characteristics of plague microbe strains isolated in different plague foci and in different of epizootic stages]. Prirodn. ochagov. i epidemiologia osobo opasn. infec., Saratov: 206-212.
En russe, In Russian.
Peste, plague.
Osadchaya L.M. 1963. [Sur l'importance du test de dénitrification pour détecter les variétés de microbe de la peste. On significance of test of denitrification for detect of plague microbe varieties]. Mater. nauch. konf. po prirodn. ochagovosti i prophilaktike chumy, Alma-Ata: 167-168.
En russe, in Russian.
Peste, plague, méthodologie, methodology.
Osadchaya L.M. & Kudinova T.P. 1961. [Caractéristiques des souches de microbe de la peste isolées entre 1957 et 1960 dans les foyers du désert et des montgnes d'Asie centrale. Characteristics of plague microbe strains isolated during 1957-1960 in
Middle Assian Desert and Mountain foci]. Mater. nauchn. konf. k 40-letiju Kaz. SSR, Alma-Ata: 138-140.
Peste, plague.
Osadtchizh K.P. 1993. Raspredelenie i tchislennosti serogo surka v Narynskom
zapovednike [Répartition et effectif de la baibacina dans la réserve de Narynsk].
Abst. Intern. Conf. on marmots of the CIS-states, Gaidary, Ukraine, Moscow, 24.
En russe, in Russian.
Marmota baibacina, faunistique, fauna.
Osborn H. F. 1907. Evolution of mammalian molar teeth [Évolution des molaires des mammifères]. Macmillan Co., New York. 250 pp.
En anglais, in English.
Mammifères, Mammalia, Mammals, dent, tooth.
Osokin G. 1911. Tarbagan. Semiya okhotnikov, 5-7.
En russe, in Rusian.
Marmota sibirica.
Otto A.J. 1826. De animalium quorumdam, per hiemen dormientium, vasis cephalis
et aure interna. Nova acta phys. med. Acad. nat. curios, Bonnae, XII et Ann. sc.
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En latin, in Latin.
Marmota marmota, hibernation, anatomie, anatomy.
Otto A.J. 1827. Ueber den Blutlauf der Winterschläfer. Isis.
En allemand, in German.
Marmota marmota, hibernation, anatomie, anatomy.
Oudet J-E. 1850. De l'accroissement continu des incisives chez les rongeurs
et de leur reproduction, considérés sous le rapport de leur application à l'étude de l'anatomie comparative des dents, précédés de recherches nouvelles sur l'origine et le développement des follicules dentaires [About the continuous growth of rodent incisives and their reproduction, considered with respect to their application to the study of the comparative anatomy, preceded by new researches on the origin and the development of teeth follicules] . J-B. Baillère, Paris.
Rodentia, dents, teeth.
Oudin Antoine 1627. Thresor des trois langues espagnole, françoise, et italienne, auquel est contenue l'explication de toutes les trois, respectivement l'une par l'autre. Tresoro de la lengua espanola, francesa y italiana, que contiene la declaracion d'espanol en françés, y de françés en espanol y italian, con muchas frases y maneras de hablar particulares à tres lenguas. Thresor de la langue françoise, italienne, & espagnole, contenant l'explication des dictions françoises en italien & en espagnol, pour faciliter le moyen à ceux qui désirent atteindre la perfection de composer en la langue italienne & espagnole. Tesoro delle tre lingue, italiana, francese, e espagnuola, duo sono le voci italiane dichiarate in francese e spagnuolo, per ajutar chi defidera nelle tre sudette lingue perfettamente. Genève : J. Crespin, Num. BNF, 1500 p.
En français, in French, en italien, in Italian, en espagnol, in espagnol.
Dictionnaires polyglotte, polyglot dictionaries, langue, language, Français, French, marmotte, marmotaine, Italien, Italian, marmotana, marmotta, espagnol, Spanish.
Oudin Antoine 1640. Curiositez françoises. Paris, A. de Sommaville, Num. BNF, 119 p.
En français, in French.
pdf
Français, French, langue, language, dictionnaire, dictionary, absence dormillouse, marmottaine, marmotte, marmotta.
Ouellet J.P. & Ferron J. 1986. L'utilisation de l'espace par la marmotte commune
(Marmota monax) [Space use of Marmota monax]. Naturaliste can. (Rev. Ecol. Syst.), 113 : 263-273.
En français, in French.
Marmota monax, utilisation de l’espace, space use, éthologie, ethology, spatial, Canada, Québec.
Ouellet J.P. & Ferron J. 1988. Scent-marking behavior by woodchucks (Marmota
monax) [Le comportement de marquage olfactif chez les marmottes, M. monax]. J. Mammal., 69 (2) : 365-368.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota monax, éthologie, marquage, marking, olfaction.
Oustalet E. 1893. Note pour servir à la faune du département du Doubs (Mammifères) [Noteon the fauna of the Doubs department (Mammals)].
Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 237-241.
En français, in French.
Mammifères, mammals, France, Doubs.
Owen Richard 1845. Odontography; or a treatise on the comparative anatomy of the teeth. Odontographie ou traité d'anatomie comparative des dents] etc.. Vol. i, text, pp. i-lxx.
En anglais, in English.
Owings D.H. & D.F. Hennessey 1984. The importance of variation in sciurid visual and vocal communication [Importance de la variation dans la communication visuelle et vocale des Sciuridae]. In The biology of ground-dwelling squirrels, J. Murie a
G. Michener eds., Univ. Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
Sciuridae, vision, son, sound.
Оюнбилег Ж. (Oyunbileg, Oïoubileg J.), Батболд Ж. (Batbold J.) &, Нимидава Р. (Nymidava P.) & Шимода А. (Shimoda, Chimoda A.) 1997. Инфекция вируского гепатита в популяция монгольских сурков. Hepadnavirus infection among populations of Mongolian marmots. [Infection d'hepadnovirus parmi les populations de marmottes de Mongolie]. In Сурки голартики как фактор биоразнообразия, Sourki golarktiki kak faktor bioraznoobraziya, Holarctic marmot as a factor of biodiversity, Rumiantsev V.Yu., Nikol'skii A.A. & Brandler O.V. eds., III Mejdounarodnaya Konferentsia po sourkam, Tezisy dokladov, III International Conference on Marmots, Abstracts, 70 (Rousskie, Russian), 172 (Angliïskie, English).
En russe et en anglais, in Russian and in English.
Marmota sibirica, hépatite, hepatitis.
Ozenda P. & J.-L. Borel 1991. Les conséquences écologiques possibles des changements climatiques dans l'arc alpin [Ecologic consequences of possible variations in the Alps]. Rapport Futuralp n 1 : 1-49, ICALPE. (en français, in French)
Climat, Alpes, Alps.
Ozgul Arpat, Armitage K.B., Blulmstein D., Vanvuren D.H. & Oli M.K. 2006. Effects of patch quality and network structure on patch occupancy dynamics of a yellow-bellied marmot metapopulation [Effets de la qualité et de la structure du réseau des parcelles sur la dynamique d’occupation des parcelles d’une métapopulation de marmottes à ventre jaune]. Journal of Animal Ecology, 75 : 191-202.
En anglais, in English.
Marmota flaviventris, marmotte à ventre jaune, yellow-bellied marmot, modèles d’occupation des parcelles, patch occupancy models, modèles aléatoires d’occupation des parcelles, stochastic patch occupancy models (SPOMs), spomsim, synchronie régional aléatoire, stochastic regional synchrony.
1. The presence/absence of a species at a particular site is the simplest form of data that can be collected during ecological field studies. We used 13 years (1990-2002) of survey data to parameterize a stochastic patch occupancy model for a metapopulation of the yellow-bellied marmot in Colorado, and investigated the significance of particular patches and the influence of site quality, network characteristics and regional stochasticity on the metapopulation persistence.
2. Persistence of the yellow-bellied marmot metapopulation was strongly dependent
on the high quality colony sites, and persistence probability was highly sensitive to small
changes in the quality of these sites.
3. A relatively small number of colony sites was ultimately responsible for the regional
persistence. However, lower quality satellite sites also made a significant contribution to
long-term metapopulation persistence, especially when regional stochasticity was high.
4. The northern network of the marmot metapopulation was more stable compared to
the southern network, and the persistence of the southern network depended heavily on
the northern network.
5. Although complex models of metapopulation dynamics may provide a more
accurate description of metapopulation dynamics, such models are data-intensive.
Our study, one of the very few applications of stochastic patch occupancy models to a
mammalian species, suggests that stochastic patch occupancy models can provide
important insights into metapopulation dynamics using data that are easy to collect.
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