Holarctic Marmots as a factor of Biodiversity.
Rumiantsev V.Yu;, Nikol'skii A.A. & Brandler O.V. eds.,
Abstracts, 3d Conference on Marmots (Cheboksary, Russia, 25-30 August 1997),
Moscow ABF 1997, 216p., 54 (Russian), 156 (English).


THE HISTORY OF ACCLIMATIZATION AND MODERN CONDITION OF MARMOTA BOBAC POPULATIONS IN UDMURTIA


V.I. Kapitonov*, S.P. Ukrainzeva**

*Umurt State University
**Hunting Administratoin of Udmurt Republic, Izhevsk, Russia


Acclimatization work was made in Udmurt Republic in 1986-1989. The bobacs were brought from Starokulatsky district of Ulianovsky region. The animals were let out in the Karakulinsky and Uvinsky districts, which were the most suitable for the marmots. There were 6 releases with the number of 472 specimes. The bobacs were let out into the specially made artificial nests. During the initial period marmots were quite active in exploring new territories and building new nests.


Table.
General informatin about release of Marmota bobac in Udmurt Republic


Date of releaseDistrict of releasePlace of releaseNumber of animals
8 of July 1986Karakulinsky4 km from the v. Cheganda94
29 July 1987Karakulinsky4 km from the v. Cheganda90
1 July 1988Karakulinsky5 km from the v. Kolesnikovo98
2 July 1988Uvinsky6 km from the v. Kuljabino96
14 July 1989Karakulinsky5 km from the v. Kolesnikovo46
15 July 1989Uvinsky6 km from the v. Kuljabino48


In the august 1995 Hunting Administratoin of Udmurt Republic examined the places of bobacs release in the Karakulinsky district, 6 colonies were registered. In one of the marmota colonies only 30 animals were discovered, three of them with the young. The reasons of such dissatisfactory state are the following:
° intense cattle grazing the territory of marmota settlements leads, to the aggravation of food and demolishing of nests;
° the protection of the bobac colonies isn(t effectife: strolling dogs hunt for marmots, and cases of poaching are registered.

The other settlements is in better conditions: cattle grazing is less intense, and there are more hoardings. In the Karakulinsky district about 450-500 marmots were calculated. However, special research should be done in order to get more precise information about the number of bobacs.

In the Uvinsky district marmots moved from the place of release to the cultural fields, where theisettlement was destroyed. The remained animals moved to the near-by Vavozhsky district. One bobac was catch in the v. Gurez-Pudga in 10 km from plase of release.

Nevertheless we may try to improve conditions of marmots setlements, if: ° arrange the effective protection of marmota colonies from strolling dogs and other marauding animals, especially when the young come out of nests;
° decrease cattle grazing, by arranging microreservations with limited period of use.



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